Extraction and characterization of nanocellulose from bemban fibre for cement-based composite

The utilization of natural fibers in composite cement faces issues due to the presence of lignin and hemicellulose, which hinder the strength of the fibers as reinforcements. This study aims to investigate the characteristics of Bemban Fibres (Donax canniformis)/BF as reinforcement in cement-based c...

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Main Authors: Cut Rahmawati, Muhammad Faisal, Roslidar, Fitriani, Jawad Ahmad, Intan Muliana
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-07-01
Series:Case Studies in Construction Materials
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221450952401252X
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author Cut Rahmawati
Muhammad Faisal
Roslidar
Fitriani
Jawad Ahmad
Intan Muliana
author_facet Cut Rahmawati
Muhammad Faisal
Roslidar
Fitriani
Jawad Ahmad
Intan Muliana
author_sort Cut Rahmawati
collection DOAJ
description The utilization of natural fibers in composite cement faces issues due to the presence of lignin and hemicellulose, which hinder the strength of the fibers as reinforcements. This study aims to investigate the characteristics of Bemban Fibres (Donax canniformis)/BF as reinforcement in cement-based composite. Cellulose was extracted from the stem fibres using alkali treatment, bleaching, and acid hydrolysis methods to obtain Bemban Fibre Nanocellulose (BFNC) which exhibits favorable compressive strength properties. Microstructural characterization was conducted through X-ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). Compressive strength testing was performed on cement-based composites with the addition of BFNC at 0 %, 1 %, 2 %, and 3 % by weight. The results indicated that BFNC contains 42.4 % cellulose. The diameter of the BFNC ranged from 6 to 28 nm. BFNC exhibited significant potential in terms of thermal properties compared to untreated fibers. As a highly effective reinforcing component, it demonstrates excellent resistance to degradation at elevated temperatures and improves the mechanical strength of the cement-based composite. The incorporation of 1 % BFNC was found to improve the compressive strength by 9.38 % compared to the control specimens. This indicates that BFNC processed through acid hydrolysis has a better surface and enhanced bonding capabilities between particles. The utilization of 1 % BFNC has been proven effective in increasing the compressive strength of cement composites, making it suitable as a reinforcing material and feasible for application in construction.
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spelling doaj-art-59829cec81fb42babe7b67bcd18e289e2024-12-18T08:48:53ZengElsevierCase Studies in Construction Materials2214-50952025-07-0122e04100Extraction and characterization of nanocellulose from bemban fibre for cement-based compositeCut Rahmawati0Muhammad Faisal1 Roslidar2 Fitriani3Jawad Ahmad4Intan Muliana5Department of Civil Engineering, Universitas Abulyatama, Aceh Besar 23372, Indonesia; Advanced materials and Nanotechnology Research Center (MatNano), Universitas Abulyatama, Aceh Besar 23372, Indonesia; Corresponding author at: Department of Civil Engineering, Universitas Abulyatama, Aceh Besar 23372, Indonesia.Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Abulyatama, Aceh Besar 23372, IndonesiaDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, IndonesiaResearch Center for Agroindustry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong 16911, IndonesiaSchool of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, PakistanDepartment of Civil Engineering, Universitas Abulyatama, Aceh Besar 23372, IndonesiaThe utilization of natural fibers in composite cement faces issues due to the presence of lignin and hemicellulose, which hinder the strength of the fibers as reinforcements. This study aims to investigate the characteristics of Bemban Fibres (Donax canniformis)/BF as reinforcement in cement-based composite. Cellulose was extracted from the stem fibres using alkali treatment, bleaching, and acid hydrolysis methods to obtain Bemban Fibre Nanocellulose (BFNC) which exhibits favorable compressive strength properties. Microstructural characterization was conducted through X-ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). Compressive strength testing was performed on cement-based composites with the addition of BFNC at 0 %, 1 %, 2 %, and 3 % by weight. The results indicated that BFNC contains 42.4 % cellulose. The diameter of the BFNC ranged from 6 to 28 nm. BFNC exhibited significant potential in terms of thermal properties compared to untreated fibers. As a highly effective reinforcing component, it demonstrates excellent resistance to degradation at elevated temperatures and improves the mechanical strength of the cement-based composite. The incorporation of 1 % BFNC was found to improve the compressive strength by 9.38 % compared to the control specimens. This indicates that BFNC processed through acid hydrolysis has a better surface and enhanced bonding capabilities between particles. The utilization of 1 % BFNC has been proven effective in increasing the compressive strength of cement composites, making it suitable as a reinforcing material and feasible for application in construction.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221450952401252XCelluloseBemban fibreCementCompositeNanofiller
spellingShingle Cut Rahmawati
Muhammad Faisal
Roslidar
Fitriani
Jawad Ahmad
Intan Muliana
Extraction and characterization of nanocellulose from bemban fibre for cement-based composite
Case Studies in Construction Materials
Cellulose
Bemban fibre
Cement
Composite
Nanofiller
title Extraction and characterization of nanocellulose from bemban fibre for cement-based composite
title_full Extraction and characterization of nanocellulose from bemban fibre for cement-based composite
title_fullStr Extraction and characterization of nanocellulose from bemban fibre for cement-based composite
title_full_unstemmed Extraction and characterization of nanocellulose from bemban fibre for cement-based composite
title_short Extraction and characterization of nanocellulose from bemban fibre for cement-based composite
title_sort extraction and characterization of nanocellulose from bemban fibre for cement based composite
topic Cellulose
Bemban fibre
Cement
Composite
Nanofiller
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221450952401252X
work_keys_str_mv AT cutrahmawati extractionandcharacterizationofnanocellulosefrombembanfibreforcementbasedcomposite
AT muhammadfaisal extractionandcharacterizationofnanocellulosefrombembanfibreforcementbasedcomposite
AT roslidar extractionandcharacterizationofnanocellulosefrombembanfibreforcementbasedcomposite
AT fitriani extractionandcharacterizationofnanocellulosefrombembanfibreforcementbasedcomposite
AT jawadahmad extractionandcharacterizationofnanocellulosefrombembanfibreforcementbasedcomposite
AT intanmuliana extractionandcharacterizationofnanocellulosefrombembanfibreforcementbasedcomposite