Research on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ultrasonic-Assisted Gas Metal Arc Welding Additive Manufacturing with High-Nitrogen Steel Welding Wire
High-nitrogen steels (HNSs) are valued for their superior mechanical strength and corrosion resistance, making them ideal for high-end industrial applications. However, nitrogen loss during gas metal arc welding additive manufacturing (GMAW-AM) often results in porosity and coarse microstructures, d...
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MDPI AG
2025-04-01
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| author | Jiawen Luo Zhizheng He Zihuan Hua Chenglei Fan |
| author_facet | Jiawen Luo Zhizheng He Zihuan Hua Chenglei Fan |
| author_sort | Jiawen Luo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | High-nitrogen steels (HNSs) are valued for their superior mechanical strength and corrosion resistance, making them ideal for high-end industrial applications. However, nitrogen loss during gas metal arc welding additive manufacturing (GMAW-AM) often results in porosity and coarse microstructures, degrading component performance. This study introduces a coaxial ultrasonic-assisted GMAW-AM (U-GMAW-AM) process to mitigate nitrogen loss and refine the microstructure. Welding wires with 0.35 wt.% and 0.70 wt.% nitrogen were used to examine the effects of welding voltage (24.5–30 V) and ultrasonic power (0–2 kW). The results show that a higher voltage increases nitrogen evaporation, with a maximum loss of 0.22% at 30 V. In contrast, ultrasonic assistance reduces nitrogen loss by up to 29.17% for the 0.70 wt.% wire. Microstructural analysis reveals a significant reduction in ferrite and enhanced austenite formation due to better nitrogen retention. Mechanical testing shows that ultrasonic assistance improves tensile strength by 100 MPa (up to 919.1 MPa), elongation by nearly 10%, and hardness uniformity. These findings highlight the potential of ultrasonic assistance for optimizing high-nitrogen steel properties in additive manufacturing. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-596d8f7128c847328e77ad74f40d01c4 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2075-4701 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Metals |
| spelling | doaj-art-596d8f7128c847328e77ad74f40d01c42025-08-20T01:56:20ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012025-04-0115549110.3390/met15050491Research on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ultrasonic-Assisted Gas Metal Arc Welding Additive Manufacturing with High-Nitrogen Steel Welding WireJiawen Luo0Zhizheng He1Zihuan Hua2Chenglei Fan3State Key Laboratory of Precision Welding & Joining of Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Precision Welding & Joining of Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Precision Welding & Joining of Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Precision Welding & Joining of Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, ChinaHigh-nitrogen steels (HNSs) are valued for their superior mechanical strength and corrosion resistance, making them ideal for high-end industrial applications. However, nitrogen loss during gas metal arc welding additive manufacturing (GMAW-AM) often results in porosity and coarse microstructures, degrading component performance. This study introduces a coaxial ultrasonic-assisted GMAW-AM (U-GMAW-AM) process to mitigate nitrogen loss and refine the microstructure. Welding wires with 0.35 wt.% and 0.70 wt.% nitrogen were used to examine the effects of welding voltage (24.5–30 V) and ultrasonic power (0–2 kW). The results show that a higher voltage increases nitrogen evaporation, with a maximum loss of 0.22% at 30 V. In contrast, ultrasonic assistance reduces nitrogen loss by up to 29.17% for the 0.70 wt.% wire. Microstructural analysis reveals a significant reduction in ferrite and enhanced austenite formation due to better nitrogen retention. Mechanical testing shows that ultrasonic assistance improves tensile strength by 100 MPa (up to 919.1 MPa), elongation by nearly 10%, and hardness uniformity. These findings highlight the potential of ultrasonic assistance for optimizing high-nitrogen steel properties in additive manufacturing.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/15/5/491high-nitrogen steelwire arc additive manufacturingultrasonic-assisted GMAWmicrostructure refinement |
| spellingShingle | Jiawen Luo Zhizheng He Zihuan Hua Chenglei Fan Research on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ultrasonic-Assisted Gas Metal Arc Welding Additive Manufacturing with High-Nitrogen Steel Welding Wire Metals high-nitrogen steel wire arc additive manufacturing ultrasonic-assisted GMAW microstructure refinement |
| title | Research on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ultrasonic-Assisted Gas Metal Arc Welding Additive Manufacturing with High-Nitrogen Steel Welding Wire |
| title_full | Research on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ultrasonic-Assisted Gas Metal Arc Welding Additive Manufacturing with High-Nitrogen Steel Welding Wire |
| title_fullStr | Research on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ultrasonic-Assisted Gas Metal Arc Welding Additive Manufacturing with High-Nitrogen Steel Welding Wire |
| title_full_unstemmed | Research on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ultrasonic-Assisted Gas Metal Arc Welding Additive Manufacturing with High-Nitrogen Steel Welding Wire |
| title_short | Research on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ultrasonic-Assisted Gas Metal Arc Welding Additive Manufacturing with High-Nitrogen Steel Welding Wire |
| title_sort | research on microstructure and mechanical properties of ultrasonic assisted gas metal arc welding additive manufacturing with high nitrogen steel welding wire |
| topic | high-nitrogen steel wire arc additive manufacturing ultrasonic-assisted GMAW microstructure refinement |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/15/5/491 |
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