Optimization of Ultrasonic-Enzyme Synergistic Extraction of Proanthocyanidins from Jujube: Purification, Characterization, and Bioactivity Study
Proanthocyanidins have received extensive attention due to their high functional value, but their sources are limited. Therefore, this experiment studied the preparation, biological activities, and characterization of proanthocyanidins from Chinese jujube (<i>Ziziphus jujuba</i> Mill. cv...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Qiaoshuang Lu Zheng Ye Chun Yang |
| author_facet | Qiaoshuang Lu Zheng Ye Chun Yang |
| author_sort | Qiaoshuang Lu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Proanthocyanidins have received extensive attention due to their high functional value, but their sources are limited. Therefore, this experiment studied the preparation, biological activities, and characterization of proanthocyanidins from Chinese jujube (<i>Ziziphus jujuba</i> Mill. cv. <i>Muzao</i>) at different periods, aiming to explore a new source of proanthocyanidins and enhance their utilization value. Through ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic extraction, the optimal extraction conditions for PC from <i>Muzao</i> were determined, yielding a proanthocyanidin content of 2.01%. Purification using AB-8 macroporous resin increased the proanthocyanidin content by 11 times. The bioactivity results indicated that proanthocyanidins demonstrated significant in vitro antioxidant activity (scavenging rate ≥ 83.4%) and blood glucose-lowering activity (inhibition rate ≥ 84.7%). Both activities decreased with maturity, while the degree of polymerization also exhibited a positive effect. Mass spectrometry identified a total of 102 compounds, with cyanidin-based compounds being the most abundant, comprising 28 species. The comprehensive research results indicate that the oligomeric proanthocyanidins extracted, purified, and isolated from <i>Muzao</i> during the young fruit stage exhibit diverse biological activities and are abundant in content. They can be utilized for the extraction and purification of proanthocyanidins, offering a reference for the expansion of natural sources of proanthocyanidins and the development of functional foods. |
| format | Article |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-59574f99b437463fa1d3e8126bf4a3a72025-08-20T02:12:28ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-01-0130361910.3390/molecules30030619Optimization of Ultrasonic-Enzyme Synergistic Extraction of Proanthocyanidins from Jujube: Purification, Characterization, and Bioactivity StudyQiaoshuang Lu0Zheng Ye1Chun Yang2College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, ChinaShanxi Institute for Functional Food, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030001, ChinaShanxi Institute for Functional Food, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030001, ChinaProanthocyanidins have received extensive attention due to their high functional value, but their sources are limited. Therefore, this experiment studied the preparation, biological activities, and characterization of proanthocyanidins from Chinese jujube (<i>Ziziphus jujuba</i> Mill. cv. <i>Muzao</i>) at different periods, aiming to explore a new source of proanthocyanidins and enhance their utilization value. Through ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic extraction, the optimal extraction conditions for PC from <i>Muzao</i> were determined, yielding a proanthocyanidin content of 2.01%. Purification using AB-8 macroporous resin increased the proanthocyanidin content by 11 times. The bioactivity results indicated that proanthocyanidins demonstrated significant in vitro antioxidant activity (scavenging rate ≥ 83.4%) and blood glucose-lowering activity (inhibition rate ≥ 84.7%). Both activities decreased with maturity, while the degree of polymerization also exhibited a positive effect. Mass spectrometry identified a total of 102 compounds, with cyanidin-based compounds being the most abundant, comprising 28 species. The comprehensive research results indicate that the oligomeric proanthocyanidins extracted, purified, and isolated from <i>Muzao</i> during the young fruit stage exhibit diverse biological activities and are abundant in content. They can be utilized for the extraction and purification of proanthocyanidins, offering a reference for the expansion of natural sources of proanthocyanidins and the development of functional foods.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/3/619jujubeproanthocyanidinresinoxidationhypoglycemic |
| spellingShingle | Qiaoshuang Lu Zheng Ye Chun Yang Optimization of Ultrasonic-Enzyme Synergistic Extraction of Proanthocyanidins from Jujube: Purification, Characterization, and Bioactivity Study Molecules jujube proanthocyanidin resin oxidation hypoglycemic |
| title | Optimization of Ultrasonic-Enzyme Synergistic Extraction of Proanthocyanidins from Jujube: Purification, Characterization, and Bioactivity Study |
| title_full | Optimization of Ultrasonic-Enzyme Synergistic Extraction of Proanthocyanidins from Jujube: Purification, Characterization, and Bioactivity Study |
| title_fullStr | Optimization of Ultrasonic-Enzyme Synergistic Extraction of Proanthocyanidins from Jujube: Purification, Characterization, and Bioactivity Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimization of Ultrasonic-Enzyme Synergistic Extraction of Proanthocyanidins from Jujube: Purification, Characterization, and Bioactivity Study |
| title_short | Optimization of Ultrasonic-Enzyme Synergistic Extraction of Proanthocyanidins from Jujube: Purification, Characterization, and Bioactivity Study |
| title_sort | optimization of ultrasonic enzyme synergistic extraction of proanthocyanidins from jujube purification characterization and bioactivity study |
| topic | jujube proanthocyanidin resin oxidation hypoglycemic |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/3/619 |
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