Risk Factors Affecting the Severity, Mortality, and Intensive Care Unit Admission of COVID-19 Patients: A Series of 1075 Cases

Background: The clinical spectrum of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is broad; it can range from asymptomatic cases to mild upper respiratory tract illness, respiratory failure, and severe multiorgan failure resulting in death. Therefore, it is important to ide...

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Main Authors: Ecem Narin Çopur, Dilek Ergün, Recai Ergün, Serap Atik, Hatice Türk Dağı, Muslu Kazım Körez
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Viruses
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/3/429
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author Ecem Narin Çopur
Dilek Ergün
Recai Ergün
Serap Atik
Hatice Türk Dağı
Muslu Kazım Körez
author_facet Ecem Narin Çopur
Dilek Ergün
Recai Ergün
Serap Atik
Hatice Türk Dağı
Muslu Kazım Körez
author_sort Ecem Narin Çopur
collection DOAJ
description Background: The clinical spectrum of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is broad; it can range from asymptomatic cases to mild upper respiratory tract illness, respiratory failure, and severe multiorgan failure resulting in death. Therefore, it is important to identify the clinical course of the disease and the factors associated with mortality. Objective: The aim of this study is to identify the risk factors associated with the severity of the disease, intensive care unit admission, and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Methods: A total of 1075 patients with clinical and radiological findings compatible with COVID-19 pneumonia and positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR were selected and retrospectively screened. All included patients were classified according to the 7th edition of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease Guidelines published by the National Health Commission of China. Results: It was observed that elevated white blood count (WBC) increased the severity of COVID-19 by 3.26 times and the risk of intensive care unit (ICU) admission by 3.47 times. Patients with high D-dimer levels had a 91% increased risk, and those with high fibrinogen levels had a 2.08 times higher risk of severe disease. High C-reactive protein (CRP) values were found to increase disease severity by 6.89 times, mortality by 12.84 times, and ICU admission by 3.37 times. Conclusions: Identifying the factors associated with disease severity, ICU admission, and mortality in COVID-19 patients could help reduce disability and mortality rates in pandemics.
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spelling doaj-art-594dbfd912c5428e8cf7f6fdf6afddfd2025-08-20T03:43:55ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152025-03-0117342910.3390/v17030429Risk Factors Affecting the Severity, Mortality, and Intensive Care Unit Admission of COVID-19 Patients: A Series of 1075 CasesEcem Narin Çopur0Dilek Ergün1Recai Ergün2Serap Atik3Hatice Türk Dağı4Muslu Kazım Körez5Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Dr. Yaşar Eryılmaz Doğubeyazıt State Hospital, Ağrı 04402, TurkeyDepartment of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya 42130, TurkeyDepartment of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya 42130, TurkeyDepartment of Pulmonary Medicine, Iğdır Dr. Nevruz Erez State Hospital, Iğdır 76000, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya 42130, TurkeyDepartment of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya 42130, TurkeyBackground: The clinical spectrum of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is broad; it can range from asymptomatic cases to mild upper respiratory tract illness, respiratory failure, and severe multiorgan failure resulting in death. Therefore, it is important to identify the clinical course of the disease and the factors associated with mortality. Objective: The aim of this study is to identify the risk factors associated with the severity of the disease, intensive care unit admission, and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Methods: A total of 1075 patients with clinical and radiological findings compatible with COVID-19 pneumonia and positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR were selected and retrospectively screened. All included patients were classified according to the 7th edition of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease Guidelines published by the National Health Commission of China. Results: It was observed that elevated white blood count (WBC) increased the severity of COVID-19 by 3.26 times and the risk of intensive care unit (ICU) admission by 3.47 times. Patients with high D-dimer levels had a 91% increased risk, and those with high fibrinogen levels had a 2.08 times higher risk of severe disease. High C-reactive protein (CRP) values were found to increase disease severity by 6.89 times, mortality by 12.84 times, and ICU admission by 3.37 times. Conclusions: Identifying the factors associated with disease severity, ICU admission, and mortality in COVID-19 patients could help reduce disability and mortality rates in pandemics.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/3/429COVID-19disease severityintensive caremortality
spellingShingle Ecem Narin Çopur
Dilek Ergün
Recai Ergün
Serap Atik
Hatice Türk Dağı
Muslu Kazım Körez
Risk Factors Affecting the Severity, Mortality, and Intensive Care Unit Admission of COVID-19 Patients: A Series of 1075 Cases
Viruses
COVID-19
disease severity
intensive care
mortality
title Risk Factors Affecting the Severity, Mortality, and Intensive Care Unit Admission of COVID-19 Patients: A Series of 1075 Cases
title_full Risk Factors Affecting the Severity, Mortality, and Intensive Care Unit Admission of COVID-19 Patients: A Series of 1075 Cases
title_fullStr Risk Factors Affecting the Severity, Mortality, and Intensive Care Unit Admission of COVID-19 Patients: A Series of 1075 Cases
title_full_unstemmed Risk Factors Affecting the Severity, Mortality, and Intensive Care Unit Admission of COVID-19 Patients: A Series of 1075 Cases
title_short Risk Factors Affecting the Severity, Mortality, and Intensive Care Unit Admission of COVID-19 Patients: A Series of 1075 Cases
title_sort risk factors affecting the severity mortality and intensive care unit admission of covid 19 patients a series of 1075 cases
topic COVID-19
disease severity
intensive care
mortality
url https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/3/429
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