Functional and structural kidney alterations associated with fertility drug administration in rats

Fertility stimulants are medications used to enhance reproductive fertility in both men and women. Clomiphene citrate (Clomid), Duphaston, and Procreation V are commonly used fertility drugs. However, their prolonged use has been associatd with adverse effects, including histological and biochemica...

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Main Authors: Ibtihal Kadhim Mazyed, Fatima Aziz Mahdi Al-badry
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: National Kidney Foundation of Ukraine 2025-01-01
Series:Український Журнал Нефрології та Діалізу
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Online Access:https://ukrjnd.com.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/907
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author Ibtihal Kadhim Mazyed
Fatima Aziz Mahdi Al-badry
author_facet Ibtihal Kadhim Mazyed
Fatima Aziz Mahdi Al-badry
author_sort Ibtihal Kadhim Mazyed
collection DOAJ
description Fertility stimulants are medications used to enhance reproductive fertility in both men and women. Clomiphene citrate (Clomid), Duphaston, and Procreation V are commonly used fertility drugs. However, their prolonged use has been associatd with adverse effects, including histological and biochemical changes in the liver and kidney. This study aimed to evaluate renal changes in structure and function following infertility drug administration. Methods. Forty-two adult female rats were divided into seven groups, including a control group and six experimental groups receiving Clomid (50 mg), Duphaston (10 mg), or Procreation V (500 mg) for one or two months. Kidney function was assessed by measuring urea, creatinine, and uric acid levels in sera. Ion levels (potassium, sodium, and calcium) were also analyzed. Histopathological examinations were conducted to identify tissue injuries. Results Renal function markers (urea, creatinine, and uric acid) significantly increased in rats treated with Clomid and Duphaston for two months compared to controls (p < 0.05). Procreation V caused mild, non-significant changes. Ion analysis showed significant increases in potassium and sodium levels (p < 0.05), while calcium levels declined across all drug-treated groups. Histopathological findings revealed hemorrhage, necrosis, congestion, fibrosis, inflammation, and glomerular structural alterations, with more severe damage observed in Clomid and Duphaston groups following prolonged exposure. Conclusions. Prolonged use of Clomid and Duphaston leads to significant kidney function impairment and structural damage, while Procreation V showed milder effects. These findings suggest potential renal risks associated with long-term fertility drug use, necessitating caution in clinical applications.
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spelling doaj-art-590a9fe2f36748da9f1d83ccf9cf02482025-08-20T02:17:59ZengNational Kidney Foundation of UkraineУкраїнський Журнал Нефрології та Діалізу2304-02382616-73522025-01-011(85)10.31450/ukrjnd.1(85).2025.03Functional and structural kidney alterations associated with fertility drug administration in ratsIbtihal Kadhim Mazyed0Fatima Aziz Mahdi Al-badry1Department of Biology, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Thi-QarDepartment of Biology, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Thi-Qar, Thi-Qar, Iraq Fertility stimulants are medications used to enhance reproductive fertility in both men and women. Clomiphene citrate (Clomid), Duphaston, and Procreation V are commonly used fertility drugs. However, their prolonged use has been associatd with adverse effects, including histological and biochemical changes in the liver and kidney. This study aimed to evaluate renal changes in structure and function following infertility drug administration. Methods. Forty-two adult female rats were divided into seven groups, including a control group and six experimental groups receiving Clomid (50 mg), Duphaston (10 mg), or Procreation V (500 mg) for one or two months. Kidney function was assessed by measuring urea, creatinine, and uric acid levels in sera. Ion levels (potassium, sodium, and calcium) were also analyzed. Histopathological examinations were conducted to identify tissue injuries. Results Renal function markers (urea, creatinine, and uric acid) significantly increased in rats treated with Clomid and Duphaston for two months compared to controls (p < 0.05). Procreation V caused mild, non-significant changes. Ion analysis showed significant increases in potassium and sodium levels (p < 0.05), while calcium levels declined across all drug-treated groups. Histopathological findings revealed hemorrhage, necrosis, congestion, fibrosis, inflammation, and glomerular structural alterations, with more severe damage observed in Clomid and Duphaston groups following prolonged exposure. Conclusions. Prolonged use of Clomid and Duphaston leads to significant kidney function impairment and structural damage, while Procreation V showed milder effects. These findings suggest potential renal risks associated with long-term fertility drug use, necessitating caution in clinical applications. https://ukrjnd.com.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/907rats, kidney function, urea, histological changes, Clomid, Duphaston.
spellingShingle Ibtihal Kadhim Mazyed
Fatima Aziz Mahdi Al-badry
Functional and structural kidney alterations associated with fertility drug administration in rats
Український Журнал Нефрології та Діалізу
rats, kidney function, urea, histological changes, Clomid, Duphaston.
title Functional and structural kidney alterations associated with fertility drug administration in rats
title_full Functional and structural kidney alterations associated with fertility drug administration in rats
title_fullStr Functional and structural kidney alterations associated with fertility drug administration in rats
title_full_unstemmed Functional and structural kidney alterations associated with fertility drug administration in rats
title_short Functional and structural kidney alterations associated with fertility drug administration in rats
title_sort functional and structural kidney alterations associated with fertility drug administration in rats
topic rats, kidney function, urea, histological changes, Clomid, Duphaston.
url https://ukrjnd.com.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/907
work_keys_str_mv AT ibtihalkadhimmazyed functionalandstructuralkidneyalterationsassociatedwithfertilitydrugadministrationinrats
AT fatimaazizmahdialbadry functionalandstructuralkidneyalterationsassociatedwithfertilitydrugadministrationinrats