A Novel Detection Scheme for Motor Bearing Structure Defects in a High-Speed Train Using Stator Current

Railway traction motor bearings (RTMB) are critical components in high-speed trains (HST) that are particularly susceptible to failure due to the high stress and rotational frequency they experience. To address the challenge of high false-positive rates in existing monitoring systems, this paper int...

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Main Authors: Qi Sun, Juan Zhu, Chunjun Chen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Sensors
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/23/7675
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author Qi Sun
Juan Zhu
Chunjun Chen
author_facet Qi Sun
Juan Zhu
Chunjun Chen
author_sort Qi Sun
collection DOAJ
description Railway traction motor bearings (RTMB) are critical components in high-speed trains (HST) that are particularly susceptible to failure due to the high stress and rotational frequency they experience. To address the challenge of high false-positive rates in existing monitoring systems, this paper introduces a novel sensorless monitoring scheme that leverages stator current to detect fault-related characteristics, eliminating the need for additional sensors. This approach employs a hybrid signal preprocessing algorithm that integrates adaptive notch filtering (ANF) with envelope spectrum analysis (ESA) to effectively sparse the stator current and extract relevant fault features. A deep belief network (DBN) is utilized for the classification of the health status of the RTMB. To validate the scheme’s feasibility and effectiveness, we conducted experiments on a 1:1 scale high-speed railway traction motor, demonstrating that mechanical defects in RTMB can be reliably indicated by changes in stator current. Based on the analysis of experimental results, it was concluded that the fault detection accuracy of RTMB based on stator current is at least 17.3% higher than that of the fault diagnosis methods based on vibration in diagnosing whether the system has a fault. Among them, the method proposed in this paper is the best in diagnosing the presence and type of faults, with an accuracy that is at least 8.9% higher than other methods. This study not only presents a new method for RTMB monitoring but also contributes to the field by offering a more accurate and efficient alternative to current practices.
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spelling doaj-art-58ebcd6b6382465b8a2e13403c0fa9092025-08-20T02:50:37ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202024-11-012423767510.3390/s24237675A Novel Detection Scheme for Motor Bearing Structure Defects in a High-Speed Train Using Stator CurrentQi Sun0Juan Zhu1Chunjun Chen2Institute of Applied Electronics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, ChinaPLA Military Space Force, Mianyang 621900, ChinaTechnology and Equipment of Rail Transit Operation and Maintenance Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610031, ChinaRailway traction motor bearings (RTMB) are critical components in high-speed trains (HST) that are particularly susceptible to failure due to the high stress and rotational frequency they experience. To address the challenge of high false-positive rates in existing monitoring systems, this paper introduces a novel sensorless monitoring scheme that leverages stator current to detect fault-related characteristics, eliminating the need for additional sensors. This approach employs a hybrid signal preprocessing algorithm that integrates adaptive notch filtering (ANF) with envelope spectrum analysis (ESA) to effectively sparse the stator current and extract relevant fault features. A deep belief network (DBN) is utilized for the classification of the health status of the RTMB. To validate the scheme’s feasibility and effectiveness, we conducted experiments on a 1:1 scale high-speed railway traction motor, demonstrating that mechanical defects in RTMB can be reliably indicated by changes in stator current. Based on the analysis of experimental results, it was concluded that the fault detection accuracy of RTMB based on stator current is at least 17.3% higher than that of the fault diagnosis methods based on vibration in diagnosing whether the system has a fault. Among them, the method proposed in this paper is the best in diagnosing the presence and type of faults, with an accuracy that is at least 8.9% higher than other methods. This study not only presents a new method for RTMB monitoring but also contributes to the field by offering a more accurate and efficient alternative to current practices.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/23/7675high-speed traintraction motor bearingfault diagnosisstator currentdeep belief network
spellingShingle Qi Sun
Juan Zhu
Chunjun Chen
A Novel Detection Scheme for Motor Bearing Structure Defects in a High-Speed Train Using Stator Current
Sensors
high-speed train
traction motor bearing
fault diagnosis
stator current
deep belief network
title A Novel Detection Scheme for Motor Bearing Structure Defects in a High-Speed Train Using Stator Current
title_full A Novel Detection Scheme for Motor Bearing Structure Defects in a High-Speed Train Using Stator Current
title_fullStr A Novel Detection Scheme for Motor Bearing Structure Defects in a High-Speed Train Using Stator Current
title_full_unstemmed A Novel Detection Scheme for Motor Bearing Structure Defects in a High-Speed Train Using Stator Current
title_short A Novel Detection Scheme for Motor Bearing Structure Defects in a High-Speed Train Using Stator Current
title_sort novel detection scheme for motor bearing structure defects in a high speed train using stator current
topic high-speed train
traction motor bearing
fault diagnosis
stator current
deep belief network
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/23/7675
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