The Effects of Low- vs. High-Glycemic Index Mediterranean-Style Eating Patterns on Subjective Well-Being and Sleep in Adults at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: The MEDGICarb-Intervention Trial
Background and objectives: Limited evidence exists regarding the influence of glycemic index (GI) in the context of a healthy diet on self-reported health status and sleep. We therefore aimed to investigate the effects of a low- vs. high-GI Mediterranean-style healthy eating pattern (MED-HEP) on sub...
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2023-11-01
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| author | Anna Hjort Robert E. Bergia Marilena Vitale Rosalba Giacco Gabriele Riccardi Wayne W. Campbell Rikard Landberg |
| author_facet | Anna Hjort Robert E. Bergia Marilena Vitale Rosalba Giacco Gabriele Riccardi Wayne W. Campbell Rikard Landberg |
| author_sort | Anna Hjort |
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| description | Background and objectives: Limited evidence exists regarding the influence of glycemic index (GI) in the context of a healthy diet on self-reported health status and sleep. We therefore aimed to investigate the effects of a low- vs. high-GI Mediterranean-style healthy eating pattern (MED-HEP) on subjective well-being and sleep, and whether measures of well-being and sleep were related to glycemia. Methods: The MedGICarb-intervention trial is a 12-week randomized, controlled, parallel multi-center trial (Italy, Sweden and USA). During the intervention, participants consumed an eu-energetic diet profiled as a MED-HEP with either high or low GI. Well-being and sleep were measured by the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey Version 2 (SF-36v2), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) at baseline and after the 12-week intervention. Similarly, postprandial glucose was measured from oral glucose tolerance tests, and indices of glycemic variability were calculated from 24 h continuous glucose monitoring. Results: 161 adults with ≥2 features of the metabolic syndrome completed the intervention (53% females, mean age 56 ± 10 y, mean BMI 31 ± 3 kg/m<sup>2</sup>). Low- vs. high-GI MED-HEP resulted in differential changes between the groups in domains of well-being, driven mostly by improvements in the low-GI group, of which role physical (5.6 AU vs. −2.5 AU, <i>p</i> = 0.022) and vitality (6.9 AU vs. −0.3 AU, <i>p</i> = 0.008) were significant (ANOVA with group, site and sex as fixed factors and age and BMI as covariates). There was no significant difference between the diets for aggregated physical or mental components, or for the other domains of well-being (physical functioning, bodily pain, general health, social functioning, role emotional, mental health) or for sleep quality (PSQI) or daytime sleepiness (ESS). The aggregated physical and mental component, as well as some domains of well-being and sleep quality, were correlated with glycemic measures at baseline (Spearman correlation). Discussion: Low compared to high GI in the context of a MED-HEP resulted in improvements in domains of subjective well-being. No major differences were seen between the groups for indexes of sleep. |
| format | Article |
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| spelling | doaj-art-58eb11ae4f064828a258ee71834ace5f2025-08-20T01:48:49ZengMDPI AGProceedings2504-39002023-11-019115610.3390/proceedings2023091056The Effects of Low- vs. High-Glycemic Index Mediterranean-Style Eating Patterns on Subjective Well-Being and Sleep in Adults at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: The MEDGICarb-Intervention TrialAnna Hjort0Robert E. Bergia1Marilena Vitale2Rosalba Giacco3Gabriele Riccardi4Wayne W. Campbell5Rikard Landberg6Department of Life Sciences, Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USADepartment of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolism Unit, Federico II University, 80146 Naples, ItalyInstitute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, 83100 Avellino, ItalyDepartment of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolism Unit, Federico II University, 80146 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USADepartment of Life Sciences, Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, SwedenBackground and objectives: Limited evidence exists regarding the influence of glycemic index (GI) in the context of a healthy diet on self-reported health status and sleep. We therefore aimed to investigate the effects of a low- vs. high-GI Mediterranean-style healthy eating pattern (MED-HEP) on subjective well-being and sleep, and whether measures of well-being and sleep were related to glycemia. Methods: The MedGICarb-intervention trial is a 12-week randomized, controlled, parallel multi-center trial (Italy, Sweden and USA). During the intervention, participants consumed an eu-energetic diet profiled as a MED-HEP with either high or low GI. Well-being and sleep were measured by the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey Version 2 (SF-36v2), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) at baseline and after the 12-week intervention. Similarly, postprandial glucose was measured from oral glucose tolerance tests, and indices of glycemic variability were calculated from 24 h continuous glucose monitoring. Results: 161 adults with ≥2 features of the metabolic syndrome completed the intervention (53% females, mean age 56 ± 10 y, mean BMI 31 ± 3 kg/m<sup>2</sup>). Low- vs. high-GI MED-HEP resulted in differential changes between the groups in domains of well-being, driven mostly by improvements in the low-GI group, of which role physical (5.6 AU vs. −2.5 AU, <i>p</i> = 0.022) and vitality (6.9 AU vs. −0.3 AU, <i>p</i> = 0.008) were significant (ANOVA with group, site and sex as fixed factors and age and BMI as covariates). There was no significant difference between the diets for aggregated physical or mental components, or for the other domains of well-being (physical functioning, bodily pain, general health, social functioning, role emotional, mental health) or for sleep quality (PSQI) or daytime sleepiness (ESS). The aggregated physical and mental component, as well as some domains of well-being and sleep quality, were correlated with glycemic measures at baseline (Spearman correlation). Discussion: Low compared to high GI in the context of a MED-HEP resulted in improvements in domains of subjective well-being. No major differences were seen between the groups for indexes of sleep.https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3900/91/1/56glycemic indexMediterranean dietwell-beingsleepglycemic control |
| spellingShingle | Anna Hjort Robert E. Bergia Marilena Vitale Rosalba Giacco Gabriele Riccardi Wayne W. Campbell Rikard Landberg The Effects of Low- vs. High-Glycemic Index Mediterranean-Style Eating Patterns on Subjective Well-Being and Sleep in Adults at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: The MEDGICarb-Intervention Trial Proceedings glycemic index Mediterranean diet well-being sleep glycemic control |
| title | The Effects of Low- vs. High-Glycemic Index Mediterranean-Style Eating Patterns on Subjective Well-Being and Sleep in Adults at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: The MEDGICarb-Intervention Trial |
| title_full | The Effects of Low- vs. High-Glycemic Index Mediterranean-Style Eating Patterns on Subjective Well-Being and Sleep in Adults at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: The MEDGICarb-Intervention Trial |
| title_fullStr | The Effects of Low- vs. High-Glycemic Index Mediterranean-Style Eating Patterns on Subjective Well-Being and Sleep in Adults at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: The MEDGICarb-Intervention Trial |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effects of Low- vs. High-Glycemic Index Mediterranean-Style Eating Patterns on Subjective Well-Being and Sleep in Adults at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: The MEDGICarb-Intervention Trial |
| title_short | The Effects of Low- vs. High-Glycemic Index Mediterranean-Style Eating Patterns on Subjective Well-Being and Sleep in Adults at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: The MEDGICarb-Intervention Trial |
| title_sort | effects of low vs high glycemic index mediterranean style eating patterns on subjective well being and sleep in adults at risk for type 2 diabetes the medgicarb intervention trial |
| topic | glycemic index Mediterranean diet well-being sleep glycemic control |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3900/91/1/56 |
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