Considering Uncertainty of Historical Ice Jam Flood Records in a Bayesian Frequency Analysis for the Peace‐Athabasca Delta

Abstract The Peace‐Athabasca Delta in Alberta, Canada has numerous perched basins that are primarily recharged after large ice jams cause floods (an ecological benefit). Previous studies have estimated that such large floods are likely to decrease in frequency under various climate projections. Howe...

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Main Authors: Jared D. Smith, Jonathan R. Lamontagne, Martin Jasek
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2024-03-01
Series:Water Resources Research
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1029/2022WR034377
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author Jared D. Smith
Jonathan R. Lamontagne
Martin Jasek
author_facet Jared D. Smith
Jonathan R. Lamontagne
Martin Jasek
author_sort Jared D. Smith
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The Peace‐Athabasca Delta in Alberta, Canada has numerous perched basins that are primarily recharged after large ice jams cause floods (an ecological benefit). Previous studies have estimated that such large floods are likely to decrease in frequency under various climate projections. However, there is a sizable uncertainty range in these predicted flood probabilities, in part due to the short 60‐year systematic record that contained few large ice jam floods. An additional 50 years of historical data are available from various sources, with expert‐interpreted flood categories; however, these categorizations are uncertain in magnitude and occurrence. We developed a Bayesian framework that considers magnitude and occurrence uncertainties within a logistic regression model that predicts the annual probability of a large flood. The Bayesian regression estimates the joint distribution of parameters describing the effects of climatic factors and parameters that describe the probability that historical flood magnitudes were recorded as large (or not) when a truly large (or not) flood occurred. We compare four models for hindcasting and projecting large ice jam flood probabilities in future climates. The models consider: (a) historical data uncertainty, (b) no historical data uncertainty, (c) only the systematic record, and (d) the systematic record with a different model. Neglecting historical data uncertainty provides inaccurate estimates, while using only the systematic record provides wider prediction intervals than considering the full record with uncertain historical data. Thus, we demonstrate that including uncertain historical information can effectively extend the record length and make flood frequency analyses more accurate and precise.
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spelling doaj-art-58e895da332a41c5a4c42314ca896fde2025-08-20T02:36:42ZengWileyWater Resources Research0043-13971944-79732024-03-01603n/an/a10.1029/2022WR034377Considering Uncertainty of Historical Ice Jam Flood Records in a Bayesian Frequency Analysis for the Peace‐Athabasca DeltaJared D. Smith0Jonathan R. Lamontagne1Martin Jasek2University of Virginia Department of Engineering Systems and Environment Charlottesville VA USATufts University Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Medford MA USABC Hydro Burnaby BC CanadaAbstract The Peace‐Athabasca Delta in Alberta, Canada has numerous perched basins that are primarily recharged after large ice jams cause floods (an ecological benefit). Previous studies have estimated that such large floods are likely to decrease in frequency under various climate projections. However, there is a sizable uncertainty range in these predicted flood probabilities, in part due to the short 60‐year systematic record that contained few large ice jam floods. An additional 50 years of historical data are available from various sources, with expert‐interpreted flood categories; however, these categorizations are uncertain in magnitude and occurrence. We developed a Bayesian framework that considers magnitude and occurrence uncertainties within a logistic regression model that predicts the annual probability of a large flood. The Bayesian regression estimates the joint distribution of parameters describing the effects of climatic factors and parameters that describe the probability that historical flood magnitudes were recorded as large (or not) when a truly large (or not) flood occurred. We compare four models for hindcasting and projecting large ice jam flood probabilities in future climates. The models consider: (a) historical data uncertainty, (b) no historical data uncertainty, (c) only the systematic record, and (d) the systematic record with a different model. Neglecting historical data uncertainty provides inaccurate estimates, while using only the systematic record provides wider prediction intervals than considering the full record with uncertain historical data. Thus, we demonstrate that including uncertain historical information can effectively extend the record length and make flood frequency analyses more accurate and precise.https://doi.org/10.1029/2022WR034377data uncertaintyBayesianlogistic regressionflood frequency analysisice jam floodclimate change
spellingShingle Jared D. Smith
Jonathan R. Lamontagne
Martin Jasek
Considering Uncertainty of Historical Ice Jam Flood Records in a Bayesian Frequency Analysis for the Peace‐Athabasca Delta
Water Resources Research
data uncertainty
Bayesian
logistic regression
flood frequency analysis
ice jam flood
climate change
title Considering Uncertainty of Historical Ice Jam Flood Records in a Bayesian Frequency Analysis for the Peace‐Athabasca Delta
title_full Considering Uncertainty of Historical Ice Jam Flood Records in a Bayesian Frequency Analysis for the Peace‐Athabasca Delta
title_fullStr Considering Uncertainty of Historical Ice Jam Flood Records in a Bayesian Frequency Analysis for the Peace‐Athabasca Delta
title_full_unstemmed Considering Uncertainty of Historical Ice Jam Flood Records in a Bayesian Frequency Analysis for the Peace‐Athabasca Delta
title_short Considering Uncertainty of Historical Ice Jam Flood Records in a Bayesian Frequency Analysis for the Peace‐Athabasca Delta
title_sort considering uncertainty of historical ice jam flood records in a bayesian frequency analysis for the peace athabasca delta
topic data uncertainty
Bayesian
logistic regression
flood frequency analysis
ice jam flood
climate change
url https://doi.org/10.1029/2022WR034377
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AT martinjasek consideringuncertaintyofhistoricalicejamfloodrecordsinabayesianfrequencyanalysisforthepeaceathabascadelta