Extracellular Vesicles and Their Convergence with Viral Pathways
Extracellular vesicles (microvesicles), such as exosomes and shed microvesicles, contain a variety of molecules including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Microvesicles appear mostly to originate from multivesicular bodies or to bud from the plasma membrane. Here, we review the convergence of mi...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2012-01-01
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| Series: | Advances in Virology |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/767694 |
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| _version_ | 1849410801348116480 |
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| author | Thomas Wurdinger NaTosha N. Gatson Leonora Balaj Balveen Kaur Xandra O. Breakefield D. Michiel Pegtel |
| author_facet | Thomas Wurdinger NaTosha N. Gatson Leonora Balaj Balveen Kaur Xandra O. Breakefield D. Michiel Pegtel |
| author_sort | Thomas Wurdinger |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Extracellular vesicles (microvesicles), such as exosomes and shed microvesicles, contain a variety of molecules including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Microvesicles appear mostly to originate from multivesicular bodies or to bud from the plasma membrane. Here, we review the convergence of microvesicle biogenesis and aspects of viral assembly and release pathways. Herpesviruses and retroviruses, amongst others, recruit several elements from the microvesicle biogenesis pathways for functional virus release. In addition, noninfectious pleiotropic virus-like vesicles can be released, containing viral and cellular components. We highlight the heterogeneity of microvesicle function during viral infection, addressing microvesicles that can either block or enhance infection, or cause immune dysregulation through bystander action in the immune system. Finally, endogenous retrovirus and retrotransposon elements deposited in our genomes millions of years ago can be released from cells within microvesicles, suggestive of a viral origin of the microvesicle system or perhaps of an evolutionary conserved system of virus-vesicle codependence. More research is needed to further elucidate the complex function of the various microvesicles produced during viral infection, possibly revealing new therapeutic intervention strategies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-58e1216e5160453dabc23fd2eeb9b79c |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1687-8639 1687-8647 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2012-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Advances in Virology |
| spelling | doaj-art-58e1216e5160453dabc23fd2eeb9b79c2025-08-20T03:34:58ZengWileyAdvances in Virology1687-86391687-86472012-01-01201210.1155/2012/767694767694Extracellular Vesicles and Their Convergence with Viral PathwaysThomas Wurdinger0NaTosha N. Gatson1Leonora Balaj2Balveen Kaur3Xandra O. Breakefield4D. Michiel Pegtel5Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USADardinger Laboratory for Neuro-oncology and Neurosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USADepartments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USADardinger Laboratory for Neuro-oncology and Neurosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USADepartments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USADepartment of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The NetherlandsExtracellular vesicles (microvesicles), such as exosomes and shed microvesicles, contain a variety of molecules including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Microvesicles appear mostly to originate from multivesicular bodies or to bud from the plasma membrane. Here, we review the convergence of microvesicle biogenesis and aspects of viral assembly and release pathways. Herpesviruses and retroviruses, amongst others, recruit several elements from the microvesicle biogenesis pathways for functional virus release. In addition, noninfectious pleiotropic virus-like vesicles can be released, containing viral and cellular components. We highlight the heterogeneity of microvesicle function during viral infection, addressing microvesicles that can either block or enhance infection, or cause immune dysregulation through bystander action in the immune system. Finally, endogenous retrovirus and retrotransposon elements deposited in our genomes millions of years ago can be released from cells within microvesicles, suggestive of a viral origin of the microvesicle system or perhaps of an evolutionary conserved system of virus-vesicle codependence. More research is needed to further elucidate the complex function of the various microvesicles produced during viral infection, possibly revealing new therapeutic intervention strategies.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/767694 |
| spellingShingle | Thomas Wurdinger NaTosha N. Gatson Leonora Balaj Balveen Kaur Xandra O. Breakefield D. Michiel Pegtel Extracellular Vesicles and Their Convergence with Viral Pathways Advances in Virology |
| title | Extracellular Vesicles and Their Convergence with Viral Pathways |
| title_full | Extracellular Vesicles and Their Convergence with Viral Pathways |
| title_fullStr | Extracellular Vesicles and Their Convergence with Viral Pathways |
| title_full_unstemmed | Extracellular Vesicles and Their Convergence with Viral Pathways |
| title_short | Extracellular Vesicles and Their Convergence with Viral Pathways |
| title_sort | extracellular vesicles and their convergence with viral pathways |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/767694 |
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