High-Density Lipoproteins from Coronary Artery Disease and Aortic Valve Stenosis Patients Differentially Regulate Gene Expression in a Model of Cardiac Adipocytes
Previous reports have described a statistical association between high-density lipoproteins (HDL) subclasses and the expression of genes coding for pro-calcifying proteins in the epicardial adipose tissue of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and aortic valvular stenosis (AVS). These result...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Cells |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/3/205 |
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| Summary: | Previous reports have described a statistical association between high-density lipoproteins (HDL) subclasses and the expression of genes coding for pro-calcifying proteins in the epicardial adipose tissue of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and aortic valvular stenosis (AVS). These results suggest a causal relationship between HDL and the regulation of gene expression in epicardial adipose tissue. However, there is no experimental evidence that supports this causal relationship. Therefore, we explored the effect of HDL isolated from CAD or AVS patients on the expression of <i>OPN</i>, <i>BMP2</i>, and <i>BMP4</i>, genes coding for proteins related to calcification, osteopontin, and bone morphogenetic proteins -2 and -4, respectively, and <i>LEP</i>, <i>UCP,</i> and <i>PER</i>, coding for leptin, uncoupling protein-1, and perilipin-2, respectively, proteins that confer phenotypic characteristics to adipocytes. The experiments were performed using a novel model of cardiac adipocytes differentiated in vitro from stromal cells of rabbit cardiac adipose tissue. AVS or CAD patients’ HDL differentially modulated the expression of <i>BMP4</i> and <i>LEP</i>, whereas HDL from both kinds of patients upregulated the <i>OPN</i> gene expression. A high concentration of triglycerides associated to small HDL and a higher concentration of phospholipids of large HDL from CAD patients than those from AVS individuals were the most remarkable structural differences. Finally, we demonstrated that cholesterol from reconstituted HDL was internalized to the adipocytes. The regulation of genes related to the secretory activity of cardiac adipocytes mediated by HDL has clinical implications as a potential therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of CAD and AVS. In summary, the HDL isolated from the CAD and AVS patients differentially regulated gene expression in adipocytes by a mechanism that seems to be dependent on HDL lipid internalization to the cells and structural characteristics of the lipoproteins. |
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| ISSN: | 2073-4409 |