Influences of Global Warming and Upwelling on the Acidification in the Beaufort Sea
Over the past three decades, increasing atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> (AtmCO<sub>2</sub>) has led to climate warming, sea ice reduction and ocean acidification in the Beaufort Sea (BS). Additionally, the effects of upwelling on the carbon cycle and acidification in the BS are st...
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MDPI AG
2025-02-01
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| author | Meibing Jin Zijie Chen Xia Lin Chenglong Li Di Qi |
| author_facet | Meibing Jin Zijie Chen Xia Lin Chenglong Li Di Qi |
| author_sort | Meibing Jin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Over the past three decades, increasing atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> (AtmCO<sub>2</sub>) has led to climate warming, sea ice reduction and ocean acidification in the Beaufort Sea (BS). Additionally, the effects of upwelling on the carbon cycle and acidification in the BS are still unknown. The Regional Arctic System Model (RASM) adequately reflects the observed long-term trends and interannual variations in summer sea ice concentration (SIC), temperature, partial pressure of CO<sub>2</sub> (pCO<sub>2</sub>) and pH from 1990 to 2020. Multiple linear regression results from a control case show that surface (0–20 m) pH decline is significantly driven by AtmCO<sub>2</sub> and SIC, while AtmCO<sub>2</sub> dominates in subsurface (20–50 m) and deep layers (50–120 m). Regression results from a sensitivity case show that even if the AtmCO<sub>2</sub> concentration remained at 1990 levels, the pH would still exhibit a long-term decline trend, being significantly driven by SIC only in the surface layers and by SIC and net primary production (NPP) in the subsurface layers. In contrast to the nearly linearly increasing AtmCO<sub>2</sub> over the last three decades, the ocean pH shows more interannual variations that are significantly affected by SIC and mixed layer depth (MLD) in the surface, NPP and Ekman pumping velocity (EPV) in the subsurface and EPV only in the deep layer. The comparison of results from high and low SIC years reveals that areas with notable pH differences are overlapping regions with the largest differences in both SIC and MLD, and both cause a statistically significant increase in pCO<sub>2</sub> and decrease in pH. Comparison of results from high and low EPV years reveals that although stronger upwelling can lift up more nutrient-rich seawater in the subsurface and deep layers and lead to higher NPP and pH, this effect is more than offset by the higher DIC lifted up from deep water, leading to generally lower pH in most regions. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-58df2dbb27bc4e00ba3c01cf7a622b48 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj-art-58df2dbb27bc4e00ba3c01cf7a622b482025-08-20T02:58:56ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922025-02-0117586610.3390/rs17050866Influences of Global Warming and Upwelling on the Acidification in the Beaufort SeaMeibing Jin0Zijie Chen1Xia Lin2Chenglong Li3Di Qi4School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaSchool of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaSchool of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaPolar and Marine Research Institute, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, ChinaPolar and Marine Research Institute, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, ChinaOver the past three decades, increasing atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> (AtmCO<sub>2</sub>) has led to climate warming, sea ice reduction and ocean acidification in the Beaufort Sea (BS). Additionally, the effects of upwelling on the carbon cycle and acidification in the BS are still unknown. The Regional Arctic System Model (RASM) adequately reflects the observed long-term trends and interannual variations in summer sea ice concentration (SIC), temperature, partial pressure of CO<sub>2</sub> (pCO<sub>2</sub>) and pH from 1990 to 2020. Multiple linear regression results from a control case show that surface (0–20 m) pH decline is significantly driven by AtmCO<sub>2</sub> and SIC, while AtmCO<sub>2</sub> dominates in subsurface (20–50 m) and deep layers (50–120 m). Regression results from a sensitivity case show that even if the AtmCO<sub>2</sub> concentration remained at 1990 levels, the pH would still exhibit a long-term decline trend, being significantly driven by SIC only in the surface layers and by SIC and net primary production (NPP) in the subsurface layers. In contrast to the nearly linearly increasing AtmCO<sub>2</sub> over the last three decades, the ocean pH shows more interannual variations that are significantly affected by SIC and mixed layer depth (MLD) in the surface, NPP and Ekman pumping velocity (EPV) in the subsurface and EPV only in the deep layer. The comparison of results from high and low SIC years reveals that areas with notable pH differences are overlapping regions with the largest differences in both SIC and MLD, and both cause a statistically significant increase in pCO<sub>2</sub> and decrease in pH. Comparison of results from high and low EPV years reveals that although stronger upwelling can lift up more nutrient-rich seawater in the subsurface and deep layers and lead to higher NPP and pH, this effect is more than offset by the higher DIC lifted up from deep water, leading to generally lower pH in most regions.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/5/866Beaufort Sea (BS)acidificationupwellingsea iceOcean pCO<sub>2</sub>atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> |
| spellingShingle | Meibing Jin Zijie Chen Xia Lin Chenglong Li Di Qi Influences of Global Warming and Upwelling on the Acidification in the Beaufort Sea Remote Sensing Beaufort Sea (BS) acidification upwelling sea ice Ocean pCO<sub>2</sub> atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> |
| title | Influences of Global Warming and Upwelling on the Acidification in the Beaufort Sea |
| title_full | Influences of Global Warming and Upwelling on the Acidification in the Beaufort Sea |
| title_fullStr | Influences of Global Warming and Upwelling on the Acidification in the Beaufort Sea |
| title_full_unstemmed | Influences of Global Warming and Upwelling on the Acidification in the Beaufort Sea |
| title_short | Influences of Global Warming and Upwelling on the Acidification in the Beaufort Sea |
| title_sort | influences of global warming and upwelling on the acidification in the beaufort sea |
| topic | Beaufort Sea (BS) acidification upwelling sea ice Ocean pCO<sub>2</sub> atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/5/866 |
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