Effects of Glutathione-Enriched Inactive Dry Yeast on the Flavor Profile of Kiwi Wine

This study aimed to explore the influence of glutathione-enriched inactive dry yeast (g-IDY) addition on the changes in aroma and taste compounds in kiwi wine (KW), produced from green-, red-, and yellow-flesh kiwifruits. In total, 42 aroma compounds and 67 taste compounds were characterized using G...

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Main Authors: Zhibo Yang, Chuan Song, Qiuyu Lan, Bin Hu, Zonghua Ao, Suyi Zhang, Junni Tang, Xin Du, Chenglin Zhu, Luca Laghi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Foods
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/10/1760
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author Zhibo Yang
Chuan Song
Qiuyu Lan
Bin Hu
Zonghua Ao
Suyi Zhang
Junni Tang
Xin Du
Chenglin Zhu
Luca Laghi
author_facet Zhibo Yang
Chuan Song
Qiuyu Lan
Bin Hu
Zonghua Ao
Suyi Zhang
Junni Tang
Xin Du
Chenglin Zhu
Luca Laghi
author_sort Zhibo Yang
collection DOAJ
description This study aimed to explore the influence of glutathione-enriched inactive dry yeast (g-IDY) addition on the changes in aroma and taste compounds in kiwi wine (KW), produced from green-, red-, and yellow-flesh kiwifruits. In total, 42 aroma compounds and 67 taste compounds were characterized using GC-IMS and <sup>1</sup>H-NMR, respectively. Among them, six aroma compounds and thirty-one taste compounds were determined as key compounds based on a <i>t</i>-test, variable importance in projection scores, and relative odor activity value. Results indicated that g-IDY addition significantly decreased the concentration of hexyl acetate and increased the concentrations of 1-hexanol-M and pentanal in KW produced from green- and yellow-flesh kiwifruits. Pearson correlation analysis revealed strong associations between key aroma and taste compounds, particularly highlighting significant negative correlations between amino acids and aroma compounds. The findings could shed light on KW processing optimization and provide theoretical support for integrating g-IDY into KW industrial production.
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institution Kabale University
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publishDate 2025-05-01
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series Foods
spelling doaj-art-58d51e97304e41ed9ac7ffd93f6558892025-08-20T03:48:01ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582025-05-011410176010.3390/foods14101760Effects of Glutathione-Enriched Inactive Dry Yeast on the Flavor Profile of Kiwi WineZhibo Yang0Chuan Song1Qiuyu Lan2Bin Hu3Zonghua Ao4Suyi Zhang5Junni Tang6Xin Du7Chenglin Zhu8Luca Laghi9College of Pharmacy and Food, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, ChinaLuzhou Laojiao Co., Ltd., Luzhou 646000, ChinaDepartment of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, ItalyCollege of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, ChinaLuzhou Laojiao Co., Ltd., Luzhou 646000, ChinaLuzhou Laojiao Co., Ltd., Luzhou 646000, ChinaCollege of Pharmacy and Food, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, ChinaCollege of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Pharmacy and Food, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, ChinaDepartment of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, ItalyThis study aimed to explore the influence of glutathione-enriched inactive dry yeast (g-IDY) addition on the changes in aroma and taste compounds in kiwi wine (KW), produced from green-, red-, and yellow-flesh kiwifruits. In total, 42 aroma compounds and 67 taste compounds were characterized using GC-IMS and <sup>1</sup>H-NMR, respectively. Among them, six aroma compounds and thirty-one taste compounds were determined as key compounds based on a <i>t</i>-test, variable importance in projection scores, and relative odor activity value. Results indicated that g-IDY addition significantly decreased the concentration of hexyl acetate and increased the concentrations of 1-hexanol-M and pentanal in KW produced from green- and yellow-flesh kiwifruits. Pearson correlation analysis revealed strong associations between key aroma and taste compounds, particularly highlighting significant negative correlations between amino acids and aroma compounds. The findings could shed light on KW processing optimization and provide theoretical support for integrating g-IDY into KW industrial production.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/10/1760kiwi wineglutathione-enriched inactive dry yeastaroma compoundstaste compoundsmultivariate analysis
spellingShingle Zhibo Yang
Chuan Song
Qiuyu Lan
Bin Hu
Zonghua Ao
Suyi Zhang
Junni Tang
Xin Du
Chenglin Zhu
Luca Laghi
Effects of Glutathione-Enriched Inactive Dry Yeast on the Flavor Profile of Kiwi Wine
Foods
kiwi wine
glutathione-enriched inactive dry yeast
aroma compounds
taste compounds
multivariate analysis
title Effects of Glutathione-Enriched Inactive Dry Yeast on the Flavor Profile of Kiwi Wine
title_full Effects of Glutathione-Enriched Inactive Dry Yeast on the Flavor Profile of Kiwi Wine
title_fullStr Effects of Glutathione-Enriched Inactive Dry Yeast on the Flavor Profile of Kiwi Wine
title_full_unstemmed Effects of Glutathione-Enriched Inactive Dry Yeast on the Flavor Profile of Kiwi Wine
title_short Effects of Glutathione-Enriched Inactive Dry Yeast on the Flavor Profile of Kiwi Wine
title_sort effects of glutathione enriched inactive dry yeast on the flavor profile of kiwi wine
topic kiwi wine
glutathione-enriched inactive dry yeast
aroma compounds
taste compounds
multivariate analysis
url https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/10/1760
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