Optimal Design of THz NRD Rat-Race Circuit Using Function Expansion Based Topology Optimization Method With CMA-ES

Rat-race circuit devices are crucial components in the design of THz-wave circuits. Although nonradiative dielectric (NRD) waveguides having simple structures and extremely low loss are promising platforms for THz-wave circuits, it may difficult to realize conventional rat-race devices in NRD platfo...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Md. Iquebal Hossain Patwary, Tahir Bashir, Akito Iguchi, Yasuhide Tsuji
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2024-01-01
Series:IEEE Photonics Journal
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10552049/
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849707753240526848
author Md. Iquebal Hossain Patwary
Tahir Bashir
Akito Iguchi
Yasuhide Tsuji
author_facet Md. Iquebal Hossain Patwary
Tahir Bashir
Akito Iguchi
Yasuhide Tsuji
author_sort Md. Iquebal Hossain Patwary
collection DOAJ
description Rat-race circuit devices are crucial components in the design of THz-wave circuits. Although nonradiative dielectric (NRD) waveguides having simple structures and extremely low loss are promising platforms for THz-wave circuits, it may difficult to realize conventional rat-race devices in NRD platform due to the appearance of unwanted LSE<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{01}$</tex-math></inline-formula> mode in the output ports. Therefore, optimal design of these devices is very essential for THz-wave circuit applications. In this paper, we present topology optimal design of THz NRD rat-race circuit based on function expansion method and covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy (CMA-ES). The proposed method overcomes the difficulty of appearing unwanted LSE<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{01}$</tex-math></inline-formula> mode in the output ports, thus the optimized devices achieved the significant improvement in the device performance in comparison with that of conventional NRD rat-race devices. In addition to the NRD rat-race circuit, a 90<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{\circ }$</tex-math></inline-formula> hybrid device is also designed in order to confirm the validity of the proposed design approach. A thorough discussion of the fabrication tolerance of proposed devices has also been conducted in detail.
format Article
id doaj-art-58ca0e8550284765b7a26ec6c6febc3f
institution DOAJ
issn 1943-0655
language English
publishDate 2024-01-01
publisher IEEE
record_format Article
series IEEE Photonics Journal
spelling doaj-art-58ca0e8550284765b7a26ec6c6febc3f2025-08-20T03:15:51ZengIEEEIEEE Photonics Journal1943-06552024-01-0116411210.1109/JPHOT.2024.341111510552049Optimal Design of THz NRD Rat-Race Circuit Using Function Expansion Based Topology Optimization Method With CMA-ESMd. Iquebal Hossain Patwary0https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6671-3121Tahir Bashir1Akito Iguchi2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5210-7243Yasuhide Tsuji3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5213-6522Muroran Institute of Technology, Muroran, JapanNanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, ChinaMuroran Institute of Technology, Muroran, JapanMuroran Institute of Technology, Muroran, JapanRat-race circuit devices are crucial components in the design of THz-wave circuits. Although nonradiative dielectric (NRD) waveguides having simple structures and extremely low loss are promising platforms for THz-wave circuits, it may difficult to realize conventional rat-race devices in NRD platform due to the appearance of unwanted LSE<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{01}$</tex-math></inline-formula> mode in the output ports. Therefore, optimal design of these devices is very essential for THz-wave circuit applications. In this paper, we present topology optimal design of THz NRD rat-race circuit based on function expansion method and covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy (CMA-ES). The proposed method overcomes the difficulty of appearing unwanted LSE<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{01}$</tex-math></inline-formula> mode in the output ports, thus the optimized devices achieved the significant improvement in the device performance in comparison with that of conventional NRD rat-race devices. In addition to the NRD rat-race circuit, a 90<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{\circ }$</tex-math></inline-formula> hybrid device is also designed in order to confirm the validity of the proposed design approach. A thorough discussion of the fabrication tolerance of proposed devices has also been conducted in detail.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10552049/Nonradiative dielectric (NRD) waveguiderat-race circuit90<named-content xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" content-type="math" xlink:type="simple"> <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{\circ }$</tex-math> </inline-formula> </named-content> hybrid devicetopology optimizationfunction expansion methodcovariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy (CMA-ES)
spellingShingle Md. Iquebal Hossain Patwary
Tahir Bashir
Akito Iguchi
Yasuhide Tsuji
Optimal Design of THz NRD Rat-Race Circuit Using Function Expansion Based Topology Optimization Method With CMA-ES
IEEE Photonics Journal
Nonradiative dielectric (NRD) waveguide
rat-race circuit
90<named-content xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" content-type="math" xlink:type="simple"> <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{\circ }$</tex-math> </inline-formula> </named-content> hybrid device
topology optimization
function expansion method
covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy (CMA-ES)
title Optimal Design of THz NRD Rat-Race Circuit Using Function Expansion Based Topology Optimization Method With CMA-ES
title_full Optimal Design of THz NRD Rat-Race Circuit Using Function Expansion Based Topology Optimization Method With CMA-ES
title_fullStr Optimal Design of THz NRD Rat-Race Circuit Using Function Expansion Based Topology Optimization Method With CMA-ES
title_full_unstemmed Optimal Design of THz NRD Rat-Race Circuit Using Function Expansion Based Topology Optimization Method With CMA-ES
title_short Optimal Design of THz NRD Rat-Race Circuit Using Function Expansion Based Topology Optimization Method With CMA-ES
title_sort optimal design of thz nrd rat race circuit using function expansion based topology optimization method with cma es
topic Nonradiative dielectric (NRD) waveguide
rat-race circuit
90<named-content xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" content-type="math" xlink:type="simple"> <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{\circ }$</tex-math> </inline-formula> </named-content> hybrid device
topology optimization
function expansion method
covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy (CMA-ES)
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10552049/
work_keys_str_mv AT mdiquebalhossainpatwary optimaldesignofthznrdratracecircuitusingfunctionexpansionbasedtopologyoptimizationmethodwithcmaes
AT tahirbashir optimaldesignofthznrdratracecircuitusingfunctionexpansionbasedtopologyoptimizationmethodwithcmaes
AT akitoiguchi optimaldesignofthznrdratracecircuitusingfunctionexpansionbasedtopologyoptimizationmethodwithcmaes
AT yasuhidetsuji optimaldesignofthznrdratracecircuitusingfunctionexpansionbasedtopologyoptimizationmethodwithcmaes