The World Trade Center exposome and health effects in 9/11 rescue and recovery workers

Abstract Background In the aftermath of the World Trade Center (WTC) attack on 11 September 2001, rescue and recovery workers faced hazardous conditions and toxic agents. Prior research linked these exposures to adverse health effects, but mainly examined individual factors, overlooking complex mixt...

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Main Authors: Elza Rechtman, Michelle A. Rodriguez, Elena Colicino, Christopher J. Hahn, Esmeralda Navarro, Azzurra Invernizzi, Christopher R. Dasaro, Susan L. Teitelbaum, Andrew C. Todd, Megan K. Horton
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2024-12-01
Series:Communications Medicine
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s43856-024-00683-9
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author Elza Rechtman
Michelle A. Rodriguez
Elena Colicino
Christopher J. Hahn
Esmeralda Navarro
Azzurra Invernizzi
Christopher R. Dasaro
Susan L. Teitelbaum
Andrew C. Todd
Megan K. Horton
author_facet Elza Rechtman
Michelle A. Rodriguez
Elena Colicino
Christopher J. Hahn
Esmeralda Navarro
Azzurra Invernizzi
Christopher R. Dasaro
Susan L. Teitelbaum
Andrew C. Todd
Megan K. Horton
author_sort Elza Rechtman
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background In the aftermath of the World Trade Center (WTC) attack on 11 September 2001, rescue and recovery workers faced hazardous conditions and toxic agents. Prior research linked these exposures to adverse health effects, but mainly examined individual factors, overlooking complex mixture effects. Methods This study applies an exposomic approach encompassing the totality of responders’ experience, defined as the WTC exposome. We analyzed data from 34,096 members of the WTC Health Program General Responder, including mental and physical health, occupational history, traumatic and environmental exposures using generalized weighted quantile sum regression. Results We find a statistically significant association between the exposure mixture index and all investigated health outcomes. Factors identified as risk factors include working in an enclosed heavily contaminated area, construction occupation, and exposure to blood and body fluids. Conversely, full-time employment emerged as a protective factor. Conclusions This exposomics study emphasizes the importance of considering combined exposures for the identification of harmful and protective factors within the WTC exposome, providing valuable insights for targeted interventions and preventive measures. In an era marked by more frequent and severe natural disasters due to the evolving climate crisis, the exposomic framework is a promising tool for disaster preparedness.
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spelling doaj-art-58c4afbabdaf4eec8ade0eedc5a855ad2025-08-20T02:35:45ZengNature PortfolioCommunications Medicine2730-664X2024-12-01411710.1038/s43856-024-00683-9The World Trade Center exposome and health effects in 9/11 rescue and recovery workersElza Rechtman0Michelle A. Rodriguez1Elena Colicino2Christopher J. Hahn3Esmeralda Navarro4Azzurra Invernizzi5Christopher R. Dasaro6Susan L. Teitelbaum7Andrew C. Todd8Megan K. Horton9Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiDepartment of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiDepartment of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiWorld Trade Center Health Program General Responder Data Center, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiDepartment of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiDepartment of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiWorld Trade Center Health Program General Responder Data Center, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiDepartment of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiWorld Trade Center Health Program General Responder Data Center, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiDepartment of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiAbstract Background In the aftermath of the World Trade Center (WTC) attack on 11 September 2001, rescue and recovery workers faced hazardous conditions and toxic agents. Prior research linked these exposures to adverse health effects, but mainly examined individual factors, overlooking complex mixture effects. Methods This study applies an exposomic approach encompassing the totality of responders’ experience, defined as the WTC exposome. We analyzed data from 34,096 members of the WTC Health Program General Responder, including mental and physical health, occupational history, traumatic and environmental exposures using generalized weighted quantile sum regression. Results We find a statistically significant association between the exposure mixture index and all investigated health outcomes. Factors identified as risk factors include working in an enclosed heavily contaminated area, construction occupation, and exposure to blood and body fluids. Conversely, full-time employment emerged as a protective factor. Conclusions This exposomics study emphasizes the importance of considering combined exposures for the identification of harmful and protective factors within the WTC exposome, providing valuable insights for targeted interventions and preventive measures. In an era marked by more frequent and severe natural disasters due to the evolving climate crisis, the exposomic framework is a promising tool for disaster preparedness.https://doi.org/10.1038/s43856-024-00683-9
spellingShingle Elza Rechtman
Michelle A. Rodriguez
Elena Colicino
Christopher J. Hahn
Esmeralda Navarro
Azzurra Invernizzi
Christopher R. Dasaro
Susan L. Teitelbaum
Andrew C. Todd
Megan K. Horton
The World Trade Center exposome and health effects in 9/11 rescue and recovery workers
Communications Medicine
title The World Trade Center exposome and health effects in 9/11 rescue and recovery workers
title_full The World Trade Center exposome and health effects in 9/11 rescue and recovery workers
title_fullStr The World Trade Center exposome and health effects in 9/11 rescue and recovery workers
title_full_unstemmed The World Trade Center exposome and health effects in 9/11 rescue and recovery workers
title_short The World Trade Center exposome and health effects in 9/11 rescue and recovery workers
title_sort world trade center exposome and health effects in 9 11 rescue and recovery workers
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s43856-024-00683-9
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