HST SHEL: Revealing Haze and Confirming Elevated Metallicity in the Warm Neptune HAT-P-26b

We present a new and extended transmission spectrum of the warm Neptune HAT-P-26b spanning wavelengths between 0.29 and 5.0 μ m. This spectrum is derived from new HST STIS G430L observations from the PanCET program, a reanalysis of the previously published HST STIS G750L data, along with the previou...

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Main Authors: Lakeisha M. Ramos Rosado, David K. Sing, Natalie H. Allen, Hannah R. Wakeford, Mercedes López-Morales, Nikolay K. Nikolov, Kevin B. Stevenson, Munazza K. Alam, Thomas M. Evans-Soma
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2025-01-01
Series:The Astronomical Journal
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/adc1c1
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author Lakeisha M. Ramos Rosado
David K. Sing
Natalie H. Allen
Hannah R. Wakeford
Mercedes López-Morales
Nikolay K. Nikolov
Kevin B. Stevenson
Munazza K. Alam
Thomas M. Evans-Soma
author_facet Lakeisha M. Ramos Rosado
David K. Sing
Natalie H. Allen
Hannah R. Wakeford
Mercedes López-Morales
Nikolay K. Nikolov
Kevin B. Stevenson
Munazza K. Alam
Thomas M. Evans-Soma
author_sort Lakeisha M. Ramos Rosado
collection DOAJ
description We present a new and extended transmission spectrum of the warm Neptune HAT-P-26b spanning wavelengths between 0.29 and 5.0 μ m. This spectrum is derived from new HST STIS G430L observations from the PanCET program, a reanalysis of the previously published HST STIS G750L data, along with the previously published HST WFC3 IR G102 and G141 data, and the two Spitzer IRAC photometric points at 3.6 and 4.5 μ m. We present this analysis as part of the Sculpting Hubble’s Exoplanet Legacy program, where the goals are to analyze all HST archival observations of transiting exoplanets using a uniform and homogeneous reduction technique. With the new wavelength coverage, we identify a scattering slope that is weaker than Rayleigh scattering and is best-matched by models incorporating a haze-only scenario. Our retrieval analysis reveals an atmospheric metallicity of 15 ${}_{-8}^{+22}$  × solar which suggests that HAT-P-26b may have formed further out in the protoplanetary disk, in a region rich in hydrogen and helium but with fewer heavy elements, and later migrated inward. This supersolar metallicity places HAT-P-26b below the mass–metallicity trend of the solar system. Looking ahead, recent observations from JWST NIRISS/SOSS and NIRSpec/G495H will provide critical, high-precision data that extend the spectral coverage into the infrared to further constrain the atmospheric composition and structure of HAT-P-26b. These observations have the potential to confirm or refine the metallicity and haze scenario presented here, offering unprecedented insights into the atmospheric properties of warm Neptunes and the processes governing their formation and migration histories.
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spelling doaj-art-58c2df5d6d5c475795d88c17d43e8a1c2025-08-20T02:28:04ZengIOP PublishingThe Astronomical Journal1538-38812025-01-01169525910.3847/1538-3881/adc1c1HST SHEL: Revealing Haze and Confirming Elevated Metallicity in the Warm Neptune HAT-P-26bLakeisha M. Ramos Rosado0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1056-3144David K. Sing1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6050-7645Natalie H. Allen2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0832-710XHannah R. Wakeford3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4328-3867Mercedes López-Morales4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3204-8183Nikolay K. Nikolov5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6500-3574Kevin B. Stevenson6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7352-7941Munazza K. Alam7https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4157-832XThomas M. Evans-Soma8https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5442-1300William H. Miller III Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA ; lramosr1@jhu.eduWilliam H. Miller III Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA ; lramosr1@jhu.edu; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USAWilliam H. Miller III Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA ; lramosr1@jhu.eduSchool of Physics, University of Bristol , HH Wills Physics Laboratory, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, UKSpace Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USASpace Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USAJohns Hopkins APL , 11100 Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, MD 20723, USASpace Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USASchool of Information and Physical Sciences, University of Newcastle , Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Max Planck Institute for Astronomy , Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, GermanyWe present a new and extended transmission spectrum of the warm Neptune HAT-P-26b spanning wavelengths between 0.29 and 5.0 μ m. This spectrum is derived from new HST STIS G430L observations from the PanCET program, a reanalysis of the previously published HST STIS G750L data, along with the previously published HST WFC3 IR G102 and G141 data, and the two Spitzer IRAC photometric points at 3.6 and 4.5 μ m. We present this analysis as part of the Sculpting Hubble’s Exoplanet Legacy program, where the goals are to analyze all HST archival observations of transiting exoplanets using a uniform and homogeneous reduction technique. With the new wavelength coverage, we identify a scattering slope that is weaker than Rayleigh scattering and is best-matched by models incorporating a haze-only scenario. Our retrieval analysis reveals an atmospheric metallicity of 15 ${}_{-8}^{+22}$  × solar which suggests that HAT-P-26b may have formed further out in the protoplanetary disk, in a region rich in hydrogen and helium but with fewer heavy elements, and later migrated inward. This supersolar metallicity places HAT-P-26b below the mass–metallicity trend of the solar system. Looking ahead, recent observations from JWST NIRISS/SOSS and NIRSpec/G495H will provide critical, high-precision data that extend the spectral coverage into the infrared to further constrain the atmospheric composition and structure of HAT-P-26b. These observations have the potential to confirm or refine the metallicity and haze scenario presented here, offering unprecedented insights into the atmospheric properties of warm Neptunes and the processes governing their formation and migration histories.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/adc1c1ExoplanetsExoplanet atmospheresTransitsTransmission spectroscopy
spellingShingle Lakeisha M. Ramos Rosado
David K. Sing
Natalie H. Allen
Hannah R. Wakeford
Mercedes López-Morales
Nikolay K. Nikolov
Kevin B. Stevenson
Munazza K. Alam
Thomas M. Evans-Soma
HST SHEL: Revealing Haze and Confirming Elevated Metallicity in the Warm Neptune HAT-P-26b
The Astronomical Journal
Exoplanets
Exoplanet atmospheres
Transits
Transmission spectroscopy
title HST SHEL: Revealing Haze and Confirming Elevated Metallicity in the Warm Neptune HAT-P-26b
title_full HST SHEL: Revealing Haze and Confirming Elevated Metallicity in the Warm Neptune HAT-P-26b
title_fullStr HST SHEL: Revealing Haze and Confirming Elevated Metallicity in the Warm Neptune HAT-P-26b
title_full_unstemmed HST SHEL: Revealing Haze and Confirming Elevated Metallicity in the Warm Neptune HAT-P-26b
title_short HST SHEL: Revealing Haze and Confirming Elevated Metallicity in the Warm Neptune HAT-P-26b
title_sort hst shel revealing haze and confirming elevated metallicity in the warm neptune hat p 26b
topic Exoplanets
Exoplanet atmospheres
Transits
Transmission spectroscopy
url https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/adc1c1
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