Small Force Estimation and Velocity Limitation Control for a Tele-Operated 6-DoF Eye Surgery Robot

When performing eye surgery, surgeons traditionally rely on visual feedback through needle insertion to sense tissue. Particularly, in vitreoretinal surgery, the contact force exerted by a surgical robot to avoid damaging healthy tissue is very small and can be below that which a surgeon is able to...

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Main Authors: Karam Dad Kallu, Chenyu Wang, Gowoon Jeong, Seong Young Ko, Amad Zafar, Muhammad Umair Ali, Hamza Khan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2025-01-01
Series:IEEE Access
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10937755/
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author Karam Dad Kallu
Chenyu Wang
Gowoon Jeong
Seong Young Ko
Amad Zafar
Muhammad Umair Ali
Hamza Khan
author_facet Karam Dad Kallu
Chenyu Wang
Gowoon Jeong
Seong Young Ko
Amad Zafar
Muhammad Umair Ali
Hamza Khan
author_sort Karam Dad Kallu
collection DOAJ
description When performing eye surgery, surgeons traditionally rely on visual feedback through needle insertion to sense tissue. Particularly, in vitreoretinal surgery, the contact force exerted by a surgical robot to avoid damaging healthy tissue is very small and can be below that which a surgeon is able to sense. In this paper, we introduce the small frequency sliding perturbation observer (SFSPO), which is a technique for estimating the very small contact force exerted when the tip of a surgical tool of a 6-Degree of Freedom (DoF) eye surgery robot touches tissue. This contact force is estimated without using any force/torque sensor, and the small feedback force is amplified, meaning the surgeon can feel it as a large reaction force. Furthermore, during lengthy microscopic surgery procedures, surgeons can experience fatigue and tiredness due to the intense focus required. This may result in damage to healthy tissue due to sudden changes in manipulation and the exertion of excessive force. To avoid this problem, force and velocity limitation control is applied. Simulations are conducted, and the experimental results indicate that very small forces below the perception of the surgeon can be sensed using the SFSPO. We have estimated minimum force which is 0.001 N by using SFSPO which is underneath the perception of surgeon. The results also verify successful implementation of the force and velocity limitation control.
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spelling doaj-art-58a8c22ddb4b4fdfa4a17c9e6d97fec22025-08-20T03:06:30ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-0113603276034010.1109/ACCESS.2025.355401110937755Small Force Estimation and Velocity Limitation Control for a Tele-Operated 6-DoF Eye Surgery RobotKaram Dad Kallu0Chenyu Wang1Gowoon Jeong2https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9345-4217Seong Young Ko3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4316-0074Amad Zafar4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0716-3932Muhammad Umair Ali5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7326-1813Hamza Khan6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6851-8231Medical Robotics and Intelligent Control Laboratory (MeRIC-Lab), School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South KoreaMedical Robotics and Intelligent Control Laboratory (MeRIC-Lab), School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South KoreaMedical Robotics and Intelligent Control Laboratory (MeRIC-Lab), School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South KoreaMedical Robotics and Intelligent Control Laboratory (MeRIC-Lab), School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South KoreaDepartment of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of KoreaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, South KoreaWhen performing eye surgery, surgeons traditionally rely on visual feedback through needle insertion to sense tissue. Particularly, in vitreoretinal surgery, the contact force exerted by a surgical robot to avoid damaging healthy tissue is very small and can be below that which a surgeon is able to sense. In this paper, we introduce the small frequency sliding perturbation observer (SFSPO), which is a technique for estimating the very small contact force exerted when the tip of a surgical tool of a 6-Degree of Freedom (DoF) eye surgery robot touches tissue. This contact force is estimated without using any force/torque sensor, and the small feedback force is amplified, meaning the surgeon can feel it as a large reaction force. Furthermore, during lengthy microscopic surgery procedures, surgeons can experience fatigue and tiredness due to the intense focus required. This may result in damage to healthy tissue due to sudden changes in manipulation and the exertion of excessive force. To avoid this problem, force and velocity limitation control is applied. Simulations are conducted, and the experimental results indicate that very small forces below the perception of the surgeon can be sensed using the SFSPO. We have estimated minimum force which is 0.001 N by using SFSPO which is underneath the perception of surgeon. The results also verify successful implementation of the force and velocity limitation control.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10937755/6-DoF eye surgery robotforce and velocity limitation controlsmall contact force estimationSFSPOteleoperationvitreoretinal (eye) surgery
spellingShingle Karam Dad Kallu
Chenyu Wang
Gowoon Jeong
Seong Young Ko
Amad Zafar
Muhammad Umair Ali
Hamza Khan
Small Force Estimation and Velocity Limitation Control for a Tele-Operated 6-DoF Eye Surgery Robot
IEEE Access
6-DoF eye surgery robot
force and velocity limitation control
small contact force estimation
SFSPO
teleoperation
vitreoretinal (eye) surgery
title Small Force Estimation and Velocity Limitation Control for a Tele-Operated 6-DoF Eye Surgery Robot
title_full Small Force Estimation and Velocity Limitation Control for a Tele-Operated 6-DoF Eye Surgery Robot
title_fullStr Small Force Estimation and Velocity Limitation Control for a Tele-Operated 6-DoF Eye Surgery Robot
title_full_unstemmed Small Force Estimation and Velocity Limitation Control for a Tele-Operated 6-DoF Eye Surgery Robot
title_short Small Force Estimation and Velocity Limitation Control for a Tele-Operated 6-DoF Eye Surgery Robot
title_sort small force estimation and velocity limitation control for a tele operated 6 dof eye surgery robot
topic 6-DoF eye surgery robot
force and velocity limitation control
small contact force estimation
SFSPO
teleoperation
vitreoretinal (eye) surgery
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10937755/
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