Investigating the link between HPV genotypes and cervical abnormality incidence in women with HPV infections: insights from a leading referral centre

Abstract Background Cervical cancer (CC) is a serious health issue, especially in low- and middle-income countries, primarily caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, particularly genotypes 16 and 18. Other risk factors include smoking, early sexual activity, and long-term oral contraceptive...

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Main Authors: Zahra Sadeghi, Amir Aboofazeli, Sheida Sarrafzadeh, Naeimeh Tayebi, Roxana Tajdini, Fariba Yarandi, Seyed Mohammad Jazayeri
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:Virology Journal
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-025-02858-9
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author Zahra Sadeghi
Amir Aboofazeli
Sheida Sarrafzadeh
Naeimeh Tayebi
Roxana Tajdini
Fariba Yarandi
Seyed Mohammad Jazayeri
author_facet Zahra Sadeghi
Amir Aboofazeli
Sheida Sarrafzadeh
Naeimeh Tayebi
Roxana Tajdini
Fariba Yarandi
Seyed Mohammad Jazayeri
author_sort Zahra Sadeghi
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Cervical cancer (CC) is a serious health issue, especially in low- and middle-income countries, primarily caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, particularly genotypes 16 and 18. Other risk factors include smoking, early sexual activity, and long-term oral contraceptive use. Early detection through cervical cytology and HPV testing is vital for effective prevention. Objective This study aimed to analyze the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in HPV-positive women at a Tehran teaching hospital, focusing on HPV genotypes and their association with CIN. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of HPV-positive women who underwent Pap smear testing, HPV genotyping via real-time PCR, and colposcopy with biopsies of suspected lesions. Risk factors like smoking and alcohol consumption were evaluated, and statistical analyses were performed, including ordinal logistic regression. Results Among participants, 52.4% had abnormal CIN: CIN I (31.1%), CIN II (11.4%), and CIN III (10.0%). HPV-16 was the most prevalent genotype (43.7%), significantly associated with severe CIN outcomes (odds ratio [OR] = 2.88, 95% CI), followed by HPV-18 (OR = 1.87, 95% CI). Smoking increased the risk of severe CIN (OR = 1.53, 95% CI), while older age and later age at sexual debut correlated with better CIN outcomes. Conclusions HPV-16 and smoking are major predictors of severe CIN, highlighting the need for targeted interventions such as HPV vaccination and smoking cessation, along with regular screenings to lower cervical cancer risks. Additional research is required to evaluate the persistence of different HPV genotypes and their progression to CIN and cervical cancer.”
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spelling doaj-art-58a72ebc71674e8dbc006e5c123f20172025-08-20T03:45:45ZengBMCVirology Journal1743-422X2025-07-012211810.1186/s12985-025-02858-9Investigating the link between HPV genotypes and cervical abnormality incidence in women with HPV infections: insights from a leading referral centreZahra Sadeghi0Amir Aboofazeli1Sheida Sarrafzadeh2Naeimeh Tayebi3Roxana Tajdini4Fariba Yarandi5Seyed Mohammad Jazayeri6Department of Pathobiology, Division of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical SciencesResearch Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical ScienceResearch Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical ScienceDepartment of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical SciencesResearch Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical ScienceDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yas Hospital, Tehran University of Medical SciencesResearch Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical ScienceAbstract Background Cervical cancer (CC) is a serious health issue, especially in low- and middle-income countries, primarily caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, particularly genotypes 16 and 18. Other risk factors include smoking, early sexual activity, and long-term oral contraceptive use. Early detection through cervical cytology and HPV testing is vital for effective prevention. Objective This study aimed to analyze the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in HPV-positive women at a Tehran teaching hospital, focusing on HPV genotypes and their association with CIN. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of HPV-positive women who underwent Pap smear testing, HPV genotyping via real-time PCR, and colposcopy with biopsies of suspected lesions. Risk factors like smoking and alcohol consumption were evaluated, and statistical analyses were performed, including ordinal logistic regression. Results Among participants, 52.4% had abnormal CIN: CIN I (31.1%), CIN II (11.4%), and CIN III (10.0%). HPV-16 was the most prevalent genotype (43.7%), significantly associated with severe CIN outcomes (odds ratio [OR] = 2.88, 95% CI), followed by HPV-18 (OR = 1.87, 95% CI). Smoking increased the risk of severe CIN (OR = 1.53, 95% CI), while older age and later age at sexual debut correlated with better CIN outcomes. Conclusions HPV-16 and smoking are major predictors of severe CIN, highlighting the need for targeted interventions such as HPV vaccination and smoking cessation, along with regular screenings to lower cervical cancer risks. Additional research is required to evaluate the persistence of different HPV genotypes and their progression to CIN and cervical cancer.”https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-025-02858-9Cervical cancerHuman papillomavirusHPV genotypingCervical intraepithelial neoplasiaRisk factorsSmoking
spellingShingle Zahra Sadeghi
Amir Aboofazeli
Sheida Sarrafzadeh
Naeimeh Tayebi
Roxana Tajdini
Fariba Yarandi
Seyed Mohammad Jazayeri
Investigating the link between HPV genotypes and cervical abnormality incidence in women with HPV infections: insights from a leading referral centre
Virology Journal
Cervical cancer
Human papillomavirus
HPV genotyping
Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
Risk factors
Smoking
title Investigating the link between HPV genotypes and cervical abnormality incidence in women with HPV infections: insights from a leading referral centre
title_full Investigating the link between HPV genotypes and cervical abnormality incidence in women with HPV infections: insights from a leading referral centre
title_fullStr Investigating the link between HPV genotypes and cervical abnormality incidence in women with HPV infections: insights from a leading referral centre
title_full_unstemmed Investigating the link between HPV genotypes and cervical abnormality incidence in women with HPV infections: insights from a leading referral centre
title_short Investigating the link between HPV genotypes and cervical abnormality incidence in women with HPV infections: insights from a leading referral centre
title_sort investigating the link between hpv genotypes and cervical abnormality incidence in women with hpv infections insights from a leading referral centre
topic Cervical cancer
Human papillomavirus
HPV genotyping
Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
Risk factors
Smoking
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-025-02858-9
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