Metabolites and Lipoproteins May Predict the Severity of Early Acute Pancreatitis in a South African Cohort

<b>Background:</b> Acute pancreatitis (AP) can be life-threatening with unpredictable severity. Despite advances in management, its pathogenesis remains unclear. This study investigated metabolites and lipoprotein profiles in AP patients of African descent to understand the underlying pa...

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Main Authors: Jeanet Mazibuko, Nnenna Elebo, Aurelia A. Williams, Jones Omoshoro-Jones, John W. Devar, Martin Smith, Stefano Cacciatore, Pascaline N. Fru
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-10-01
Series:Biomedicines
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/11/2431
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author Jeanet Mazibuko
Nnenna Elebo
Aurelia A. Williams
Jones Omoshoro-Jones
John W. Devar
Martin Smith
Stefano Cacciatore
Pascaline N. Fru
author_facet Jeanet Mazibuko
Nnenna Elebo
Aurelia A. Williams
Jones Omoshoro-Jones
John W. Devar
Martin Smith
Stefano Cacciatore
Pascaline N. Fru
author_sort Jeanet Mazibuko
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background:</b> Acute pancreatitis (AP) can be life-threatening with unpredictable severity. Despite advances in management, its pathogenesis remains unclear. This study investigated metabolites and lipoprotein profiles in AP patients of African descent to understand the underlying pathophysiological conditions so as to inform prognosis and management. <b>Methods:</b> Serum samples were collected from 9 healthy controls (HCs) and 30 AP patients (8 with mild AP, 14 with moderately severe AP, and 8 with severe AP) on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 post epigastric pain and subjected to nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Wilcoxon and Kruskal–Wallis rank-sum tests compared numerical covariates. Lipoprotein characterization was performed using the Liposcale test, and Spearman’s rank test assessed data correlations. The <i>p</i>-values < 0.05 indicated significance. <b>Results:</b> Thirty-eight metabolic signals and information on lipoprotein subclasses were identified from the NMR spectra. The severity of AP correlated with increased levels of 3-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate and decreased levels of ascorbate. Distinct metabolic phenotypes were identified and characterized by unique inflammatory and lipoprotein profiles. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) decreased across all the metabolic phenotypes of AP when compared with the HC, while elevated immediate density lipoprotein cholesterol (IDL-C) and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) levels were observed. Time-dependent changes in metabolites were indicative of responsiveness to therapy. <b>Conclusions:</b> Our findings indicate that dysregulated metabolites and lipoproteins can be used to differentiate AP disease state and severity. Furthermore, integrating clinical parameters with data on metabolic and lipoprotein perturbations can contribute to a better understanding of the complex pathophysiology of AP.
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spelling doaj-art-58a6dd1a24b149c7b090fa0a39a029ea2025-08-20T02:28:02ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592024-10-011211243110.3390/biomedicines12112431Metabolites and Lipoproteins May Predict the Severity of Early Acute Pancreatitis in a South African CohortJeanet Mazibuko0Nnenna Elebo1Aurelia A. Williams2Jones Omoshoro-Jones3John W. Devar4Martin Smith5Stefano Cacciatore6Pascaline N. Fru7Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South AfricaDepartment of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South AfricaHuman Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South AfricaDepartment of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South AfricaDepartment of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South AfricaDepartment of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South AfricaBioinformatics Unit, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town 7925, South AfricaDepartment of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa<b>Background:</b> Acute pancreatitis (AP) can be life-threatening with unpredictable severity. Despite advances in management, its pathogenesis remains unclear. This study investigated metabolites and lipoprotein profiles in AP patients of African descent to understand the underlying pathophysiological conditions so as to inform prognosis and management. <b>Methods:</b> Serum samples were collected from 9 healthy controls (HCs) and 30 AP patients (8 with mild AP, 14 with moderately severe AP, and 8 with severe AP) on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 post epigastric pain and subjected to nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Wilcoxon and Kruskal–Wallis rank-sum tests compared numerical covariates. Lipoprotein characterization was performed using the Liposcale test, and Spearman’s rank test assessed data correlations. The <i>p</i>-values < 0.05 indicated significance. <b>Results:</b> Thirty-eight metabolic signals and information on lipoprotein subclasses were identified from the NMR spectra. The severity of AP correlated with increased levels of 3-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate and decreased levels of ascorbate. Distinct metabolic phenotypes were identified and characterized by unique inflammatory and lipoprotein profiles. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) decreased across all the metabolic phenotypes of AP when compared with the HC, while elevated immediate density lipoprotein cholesterol (IDL-C) and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) levels were observed. Time-dependent changes in metabolites were indicative of responsiveness to therapy. <b>Conclusions:</b> Our findings indicate that dysregulated metabolites and lipoproteins can be used to differentiate AP disease state and severity. Furthermore, integrating clinical parameters with data on metabolic and lipoprotein perturbations can contribute to a better understanding of the complex pathophysiology of AP.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/11/2431early acute pancreatitismetaboliteslipoproteinsseveritypredictionnuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
spellingShingle Jeanet Mazibuko
Nnenna Elebo
Aurelia A. Williams
Jones Omoshoro-Jones
John W. Devar
Martin Smith
Stefano Cacciatore
Pascaline N. Fru
Metabolites and Lipoproteins May Predict the Severity of Early Acute Pancreatitis in a South African Cohort
Biomedicines
early acute pancreatitis
metabolites
lipoproteins
severity
prediction
nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
title Metabolites and Lipoproteins May Predict the Severity of Early Acute Pancreatitis in a South African Cohort
title_full Metabolites and Lipoproteins May Predict the Severity of Early Acute Pancreatitis in a South African Cohort
title_fullStr Metabolites and Lipoproteins May Predict the Severity of Early Acute Pancreatitis in a South African Cohort
title_full_unstemmed Metabolites and Lipoproteins May Predict the Severity of Early Acute Pancreatitis in a South African Cohort
title_short Metabolites and Lipoproteins May Predict the Severity of Early Acute Pancreatitis in a South African Cohort
title_sort metabolites and lipoproteins may predict the severity of early acute pancreatitis in a south african cohort
topic early acute pancreatitis
metabolites
lipoproteins
severity
prediction
nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/11/2431
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