Transmission dynamics of COVID-19 in Italy, Germany and Turkey considering social distancing, testing and quarantine

Introduction: There are significant differences in the active cases and fatality rates of Covid-19 for different European countries. Methodology: The present study employs Monte Carlo based transmission growth simulations for Italy, Germany and Turkey. The probabilities of transmission at home,...

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Main Authors: Serdar Gul, Kagan Tuncay, Baris Binici, Beyazit Bestami Aydin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 2020-07-01
Series:Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
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Online Access:https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/12844
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author Serdar Gul
Kagan Tuncay
Baris Binici
Beyazit Bestami Aydin
author_facet Serdar Gul
Kagan Tuncay
Baris Binici
Beyazit Bestami Aydin
author_sort Serdar Gul
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: There are significant differences in the active cases and fatality rates of Covid-19 for different European countries. Methodology: The present study employs Monte Carlo based transmission growth simulations for Italy, Germany and Turkey. The probabilities of transmission at home, work and social networks and the number of initial cases have been calibrated to match the basic reproduction number and the reported fatality curves. Parametric studies were conducted to observe the effect of social distancing, work closure, testing and quarantine of the family and colleagues of positively tested individuals. Results: It is observed that estimates of the number of initial cases in Italy compared to Turkey and Germany are higher. Turkey will probably experience about 30% less number of fatalities than Germany due its smaller elderly population. If social distancing and work contacts are limited to 25% of daily routines, Germany and Turkey may limit the number of fatalities to a few thousands as the reproduction number decreases to about 1.3 from 2.8. Random testing may reduce the number of fatalities by 10% upon testing least 5/1000 of the population. Quarantining of family and workmates of positively tested individuals may reduce the total number of fatalities by about 50%. Conclusions: The fatality rate of Covid-19 is estimated to be about 1.5% based on the simulation results. This may further be reduced by limiting the number of non-family contacts to two, conducting tests more than 0.5% of the population and immediate quarantine of the contacts for positively tested individuals.
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spelling doaj-art-5892579e7ed24bc89c44ddb969d3c8f42025-08-20T02:57:44ZengThe Journal of Infection in Developing CountriesJournal of Infection in Developing Countries1972-26802020-07-01140710.3855/jidc.12844Transmission dynamics of COVID-19 in Italy, Germany and Turkey considering social distancing, testing and quarantineSerdar Gul0Kagan Tuncay1Baris Binici2Beyazit Bestami Aydin3Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, TurkeyFaculty of Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, TurkeyFaculty of Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, TurkeyFaculty of Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey Introduction: There are significant differences in the active cases and fatality rates of Covid-19 for different European countries. Methodology: The present study employs Monte Carlo based transmission growth simulations for Italy, Germany and Turkey. The probabilities of transmission at home, work and social networks and the number of initial cases have been calibrated to match the basic reproduction number and the reported fatality curves. Parametric studies were conducted to observe the effect of social distancing, work closure, testing and quarantine of the family and colleagues of positively tested individuals. Results: It is observed that estimates of the number of initial cases in Italy compared to Turkey and Germany are higher. Turkey will probably experience about 30% less number of fatalities than Germany due its smaller elderly population. If social distancing and work contacts are limited to 25% of daily routines, Germany and Turkey may limit the number of fatalities to a few thousands as the reproduction number decreases to about 1.3 from 2.8. Random testing may reduce the number of fatalities by 10% upon testing least 5/1000 of the population. Quarantining of family and workmates of positively tested individuals may reduce the total number of fatalities by about 50%. Conclusions: The fatality rate of Covid-19 is estimated to be about 1.5% based on the simulation results. This may further be reduced by limiting the number of non-family contacts to two, conducting tests more than 0.5% of the population and immediate quarantine of the contacts for positively tested individuals. https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/12844transmissionsocial distancingCOVID-19
spellingShingle Serdar Gul
Kagan Tuncay
Baris Binici
Beyazit Bestami Aydin
Transmission dynamics of COVID-19 in Italy, Germany and Turkey considering social distancing, testing and quarantine
Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
transmission
social distancing
COVID-19
title Transmission dynamics of COVID-19 in Italy, Germany and Turkey considering social distancing, testing and quarantine
title_full Transmission dynamics of COVID-19 in Italy, Germany and Turkey considering social distancing, testing and quarantine
title_fullStr Transmission dynamics of COVID-19 in Italy, Germany and Turkey considering social distancing, testing and quarantine
title_full_unstemmed Transmission dynamics of COVID-19 in Italy, Germany and Turkey considering social distancing, testing and quarantine
title_short Transmission dynamics of COVID-19 in Italy, Germany and Turkey considering social distancing, testing and quarantine
title_sort transmission dynamics of covid 19 in italy germany and turkey considering social distancing testing and quarantine
topic transmission
social distancing
COVID-19
url https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/12844
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AT barisbinici transmissiondynamicsofcovid19initalygermanyandturkeyconsideringsocialdistancingtestingandquarantine
AT beyazitbestamiaydin transmissiondynamicsofcovid19initalygermanyandturkeyconsideringsocialdistancingtestingandquarantine