Waterborne Polyurethane Treated with Flame Retardant Based on Polydimethylsiloxanes and Boron Phenolic Resin for Improving the Char Residue and Anti-Dripping Performance

Waterborne polyurethane (WPU) was cured with a flame retardant composed of polydimethylsiloxanes and boron phenolic resin. In comparison to unmodified WPU, the heat resistance of the cured WPU film was significantly improved by approximately 40.0 °C, and the limited oxygen index (LOI) increased from...

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Main Authors: Yadian Xie, Chao Liu, Yujie Wang, Dongmei Bao, Wei Yan, Guoyong Zhou
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Molecules
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/23/5799
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author Yadian Xie
Chao Liu
Yujie Wang
Dongmei Bao
Wei Yan
Guoyong Zhou
author_facet Yadian Xie
Chao Liu
Yujie Wang
Dongmei Bao
Wei Yan
Guoyong Zhou
author_sort Yadian Xie
collection DOAJ
description Waterborne polyurethane (WPU) was cured with a flame retardant composed of polydimethylsiloxanes and boron phenolic resin. In comparison to unmodified WPU, the heat resistance of the cured WPU film was significantly improved by approximately 40.0 °C, and the limited oxygen index (LOI) increased from 21.9% to 32.6%. The outcomes reveal that the char residue yield of the cured WPU reached a substantial 8.93 wt.% at 600 °C, which is 60 times that of the unmodified WPU. The flame retardant facilitates the creation of char residue with a high degree of graphitization. Furthermore, the total smoke production (TSP), average effective heat of combustion (AEHC), total heat release (THR), and peak heat release rate (pHRR) of the cured WPU were diminished by 66.29%, 48.89%, 28.01%, and 27.96%, respectively, compared to the unmodified WPU. The CO/CO<sub>2</sub> emission ratio was elevated by 46.32%, and the total flue gas emission was cut by 66.29%, demonstrating a remarkable smoke suppression effect. The cured WPU attained the UL-94 V0 rating without melt-dripping. These results indicate that the combined flame retardants (2.0 wt.%) can endow WPU with outstanding flame retardant properties.
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issn 1420-3049
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publishDate 2024-12-01
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series Molecules
spelling doaj-art-588c06d696a543d5a0a5bbf4acb201dc2025-08-20T01:55:33ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492024-12-012923579910.3390/molecules29235799Waterborne Polyurethane Treated with Flame Retardant Based on Polydimethylsiloxanes and Boron Phenolic Resin for Improving the Char Residue and Anti-Dripping PerformanceYadian Xie0Chao Liu1Yujie Wang2Dongmei Bao3Wei Yan4Guoyong Zhou5School of Chemical Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaSchool of Chemical Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaSchool of Chemical Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaSchool of Chemical Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, ChinaSchool of Chemical Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaWaterborne polyurethane (WPU) was cured with a flame retardant composed of polydimethylsiloxanes and boron phenolic resin. In comparison to unmodified WPU, the heat resistance of the cured WPU film was significantly improved by approximately 40.0 °C, and the limited oxygen index (LOI) increased from 21.9% to 32.6%. The outcomes reveal that the char residue yield of the cured WPU reached a substantial 8.93 wt.% at 600 °C, which is 60 times that of the unmodified WPU. The flame retardant facilitates the creation of char residue with a high degree of graphitization. Furthermore, the total smoke production (TSP), average effective heat of combustion (AEHC), total heat release (THR), and peak heat release rate (pHRR) of the cured WPU were diminished by 66.29%, 48.89%, 28.01%, and 27.96%, respectively, compared to the unmodified WPU. The CO/CO<sub>2</sub> emission ratio was elevated by 46.32%, and the total flue gas emission was cut by 66.29%, demonstrating a remarkable smoke suppression effect. The cured WPU attained the UL-94 V0 rating without melt-dripping. These results indicate that the combined flame retardants (2.0 wt.%) can endow WPU with outstanding flame retardant properties.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/23/5799thermal propertiescurehybridsmart materials
spellingShingle Yadian Xie
Chao Liu
Yujie Wang
Dongmei Bao
Wei Yan
Guoyong Zhou
Waterborne Polyurethane Treated with Flame Retardant Based on Polydimethylsiloxanes and Boron Phenolic Resin for Improving the Char Residue and Anti-Dripping Performance
Molecules
thermal properties
cure
hybrid
smart materials
title Waterborne Polyurethane Treated with Flame Retardant Based on Polydimethylsiloxanes and Boron Phenolic Resin for Improving the Char Residue and Anti-Dripping Performance
title_full Waterborne Polyurethane Treated with Flame Retardant Based on Polydimethylsiloxanes and Boron Phenolic Resin for Improving the Char Residue and Anti-Dripping Performance
title_fullStr Waterborne Polyurethane Treated with Flame Retardant Based on Polydimethylsiloxanes and Boron Phenolic Resin for Improving the Char Residue and Anti-Dripping Performance
title_full_unstemmed Waterborne Polyurethane Treated with Flame Retardant Based on Polydimethylsiloxanes and Boron Phenolic Resin for Improving the Char Residue and Anti-Dripping Performance
title_short Waterborne Polyurethane Treated with Flame Retardant Based on Polydimethylsiloxanes and Boron Phenolic Resin for Improving the Char Residue and Anti-Dripping Performance
title_sort waterborne polyurethane treated with flame retardant based on polydimethylsiloxanes and boron phenolic resin for improving the char residue and anti dripping performance
topic thermal properties
cure
hybrid
smart materials
url https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/23/5799
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