Assessing the Impact of Diet on Enamel Hypoplasia in Children

Background: Enamel hypoplasia is a developmental defect of enamel characterized by incomplete or defective enamel formation. It is often influenced by genetic, systemic, and environmental factors, including diet. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 children aged 6–12...

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Main Authors: Manoj Meena, Amreen Aijazuddin, Ramniwas Kumawat, Shipra Saxena, Tanmay Rajput, Ramvilas R. Jaidupally
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications 2025-06-01
Series:Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences
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Online Access:https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1818_24
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author Manoj Meena
Amreen Aijazuddin
Ramniwas Kumawat
Shipra Saxena
Tanmay Rajput
Ramvilas R. Jaidupally
author_facet Manoj Meena
Amreen Aijazuddin
Ramniwas Kumawat
Shipra Saxena
Tanmay Rajput
Ramvilas R. Jaidupally
author_sort Manoj Meena
collection DOAJ
description Background: Enamel hypoplasia is a developmental defect of enamel characterized by incomplete or defective enamel formation. It is often influenced by genetic, systemic, and environmental factors, including diet. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 children aged 6–12 years from urban and rural schools. Data were collected through structured dietary questionnaires and oral examinations to assess the presence and severity of enamel hypoplasia. Dietary intake was classified into groups based on sugar frequency, calcium-rich foods, and vitamin D levels. Enamel hypoplasia was graded using the Modified Developmental Defects of Enamel Index (DDE Index). Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square tests and logistic regression to evaluate associations. Results: Out of 200 children, 72 (36%) exhibited signs of enamel hypoplasia. High sugar consumption was significantly associated with enamel hypoplasia (P < 0.001), with 48% of children in the high-sugar group presenting with defects compared to 18% in the low-sugar group. Calcium-rich diets were protective, as only 10% of children with adequate calcium intake showed enamel hypoplasia (P < 0.05). Vitamin D deficiency was identified in 62% of affected children, indicating a strong correlation (P < 0.01). Logistic regression revealed that high sugar intake increased the odds of enamel hypoplasia by 2.8 times (OR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.6–4.7). Conclusion: Diet plays a pivotal role in the development of enamel hypoplasia in children. High sugar consumption and vitamin D deficiency are key contributors, while calcium-rich diets offer protection.
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spelling doaj-art-588beb6fa35c40f7a56abc8ce2357bcc2025-08-20T03:15:20ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsJournal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences0976-48790975-74062025-06-0117Suppl 2S1972S197410.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1818_24Assessing the Impact of Diet on Enamel Hypoplasia in ChildrenManoj MeenaAmreen AijazuddinRamniwas KumawatShipra SaxenaTanmay RajputRamvilas R. JaidupallyBackground: Enamel hypoplasia is a developmental defect of enamel characterized by incomplete or defective enamel formation. It is often influenced by genetic, systemic, and environmental factors, including diet. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 children aged 6–12 years from urban and rural schools. Data were collected through structured dietary questionnaires and oral examinations to assess the presence and severity of enamel hypoplasia. Dietary intake was classified into groups based on sugar frequency, calcium-rich foods, and vitamin D levels. Enamel hypoplasia was graded using the Modified Developmental Defects of Enamel Index (DDE Index). Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square tests and logistic regression to evaluate associations. Results: Out of 200 children, 72 (36%) exhibited signs of enamel hypoplasia. High sugar consumption was significantly associated with enamel hypoplasia (P < 0.001), with 48% of children in the high-sugar group presenting with defects compared to 18% in the low-sugar group. Calcium-rich diets were protective, as only 10% of children with adequate calcium intake showed enamel hypoplasia (P < 0.05). Vitamin D deficiency was identified in 62% of affected children, indicating a strong correlation (P < 0.01). Logistic regression revealed that high sugar intake increased the odds of enamel hypoplasia by 2.8 times (OR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.6–4.7). Conclusion: Diet plays a pivotal role in the development of enamel hypoplasia in children. High sugar consumption and vitamin D deficiency are key contributors, while calcium-rich diets offer protection.https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1818_24calciumchildrendietenamel hypoplasiaoral healthsugar consumptionvitamin d
spellingShingle Manoj Meena
Amreen Aijazuddin
Ramniwas Kumawat
Shipra Saxena
Tanmay Rajput
Ramvilas R. Jaidupally
Assessing the Impact of Diet on Enamel Hypoplasia in Children
Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences
calcium
children
diet
enamel hypoplasia
oral health
sugar consumption
vitamin d
title Assessing the Impact of Diet on Enamel Hypoplasia in Children
title_full Assessing the Impact of Diet on Enamel Hypoplasia in Children
title_fullStr Assessing the Impact of Diet on Enamel Hypoplasia in Children
title_full_unstemmed Assessing the Impact of Diet on Enamel Hypoplasia in Children
title_short Assessing the Impact of Diet on Enamel Hypoplasia in Children
title_sort assessing the impact of diet on enamel hypoplasia in children
topic calcium
children
diet
enamel hypoplasia
oral health
sugar consumption
vitamin d
url https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1818_24
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