Effect of the Phenological Stage on the Phenolic Composition, and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of <i>Cirsium vulgare</i> (Savi) Ten. Extracts

<i>Cirsium vulgare</i> (Savi) Ten. is a plant from the <i>Asteraceae</i> family that is commonly used in traditional medicine. The purpose of this work was to investigate the antioxidant and antimicrobial characteristics of phenolic compounds found in ethanol and dry extracts...

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Main Authors: Urte Griskeviciene, Justina Dambrauskiene, Mindaugas Marksa, Zaneta Mazeliene, Rimanta Vainoriene, Liudas Ivanauskas
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-09-01
Series:Life
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/14/9/1191
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author Urte Griskeviciene
Justina Dambrauskiene
Mindaugas Marksa
Zaneta Mazeliene
Rimanta Vainoriene
Liudas Ivanauskas
author_facet Urte Griskeviciene
Justina Dambrauskiene
Mindaugas Marksa
Zaneta Mazeliene
Rimanta Vainoriene
Liudas Ivanauskas
author_sort Urte Griskeviciene
collection DOAJ
description <i>Cirsium vulgare</i> (Savi) Ten. is a plant from the <i>Asteraceae</i> family that is commonly used in traditional medicine. The purpose of this work was to investigate the antioxidant and antimicrobial characteristics of phenolic compounds found in ethanol and dry extracts of <i>C. vulgare</i> leaves, inflorescence, and roots during various phenological stages. Apigenin-7-<i>O</i>-glucoside and chlorogenic acid were identified in practically all <i>C. vulgare</i> extracts. Extracts from leaves collected at the end of the phenological dormancy period and in the first growing year had the highest antioxidant (cupric ion-reducing antioxidant capacity of 12,938 Trolox equivalents/g dry weight) and antimicrobial activity (against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Proteus vulgaris</i>, and <i>Candida albicans</i>) with MIC values of ethanol extract from 16.7 mg/mL to 8.35 mg/mL. These extracts included a high concentration of chlorogenic acid and apigenin-7-<i>O</i>-glucoside. Also, dry extracts from <i>C. vulgare</i> roots and inflorescences showed a higher antimicrobial effect compared to ethanolic extracts with MIC values from 5.57 mg/mL to 3 mg/mL. The study emphasizes the critical role of phenological stages and raw material composition in the accumulation of phenolic compounds and their biological activity in <i>C. vulgare</i>. The findings suggest that extracts from <i>C. vulgare</i> leaves, especially those collected at the end of the phonological dormancy period, are promising candidates for further research into bioactive compounds with potential medicinal applications. The strong antioxidant and antibacterial properties of these extracts highlight their potential for development into natural pharmaceutical products.
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spelling doaj-art-588862c70f4d40a6a892f1f049b67b532025-08-20T01:55:38ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292024-09-01149119110.3390/life14091191Effect of the Phenological Stage on the Phenolic Composition, and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of <i>Cirsium vulgare</i> (Savi) Ten. ExtractsUrte Griskeviciene0Justina Dambrauskiene1Mindaugas Marksa2Zaneta Mazeliene3Rimanta Vainoriene4Liudas Ivanauskas5Department of Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50162 Kaunas, LithuaniaDepartment of Drug Chemistry, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50162 Kaunas, LithuaniaDepartment of Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50162 Kaunas, LithuaniaInstitute of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Veterinary, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, LithuaniaVilnius University Siauliai Academy Botanical Garden, LT-77175 Siauliai, LithuaniaDepartment of Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania<i>Cirsium vulgare</i> (Savi) Ten. is a plant from the <i>Asteraceae</i> family that is commonly used in traditional medicine. The purpose of this work was to investigate the antioxidant and antimicrobial characteristics of phenolic compounds found in ethanol and dry extracts of <i>C. vulgare</i> leaves, inflorescence, and roots during various phenological stages. Apigenin-7-<i>O</i>-glucoside and chlorogenic acid were identified in practically all <i>C. vulgare</i> extracts. Extracts from leaves collected at the end of the phenological dormancy period and in the first growing year had the highest antioxidant (cupric ion-reducing antioxidant capacity of 12,938 Trolox equivalents/g dry weight) and antimicrobial activity (against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Proteus vulgaris</i>, and <i>Candida albicans</i>) with MIC values of ethanol extract from 16.7 mg/mL to 8.35 mg/mL. These extracts included a high concentration of chlorogenic acid and apigenin-7-<i>O</i>-glucoside. Also, dry extracts from <i>C. vulgare</i> roots and inflorescences showed a higher antimicrobial effect compared to ethanolic extracts with MIC values from 5.57 mg/mL to 3 mg/mL. The study emphasizes the critical role of phenological stages and raw material composition in the accumulation of phenolic compounds and their biological activity in <i>C. vulgare</i>. The findings suggest that extracts from <i>C. vulgare</i> leaves, especially those collected at the end of the phonological dormancy period, are promising candidates for further research into bioactive compounds with potential medicinal applications. The strong antioxidant and antibacterial properties of these extracts highlight their potential for development into natural pharmaceutical products.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/14/9/1191phenologicalantioxidant activityantimicrobial activitythistleantioxidants
spellingShingle Urte Griskeviciene
Justina Dambrauskiene
Mindaugas Marksa
Zaneta Mazeliene
Rimanta Vainoriene
Liudas Ivanauskas
Effect of the Phenological Stage on the Phenolic Composition, and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of <i>Cirsium vulgare</i> (Savi) Ten. Extracts
Life
phenological
antioxidant activity
antimicrobial activity
thistle
antioxidants
title Effect of the Phenological Stage on the Phenolic Composition, and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of <i>Cirsium vulgare</i> (Savi) Ten. Extracts
title_full Effect of the Phenological Stage on the Phenolic Composition, and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of <i>Cirsium vulgare</i> (Savi) Ten. Extracts
title_fullStr Effect of the Phenological Stage on the Phenolic Composition, and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of <i>Cirsium vulgare</i> (Savi) Ten. Extracts
title_full_unstemmed Effect of the Phenological Stage on the Phenolic Composition, and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of <i>Cirsium vulgare</i> (Savi) Ten. Extracts
title_short Effect of the Phenological Stage on the Phenolic Composition, and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of <i>Cirsium vulgare</i> (Savi) Ten. Extracts
title_sort effect of the phenological stage on the phenolic composition and antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of i cirsium vulgare i savi ten extracts
topic phenological
antioxidant activity
antimicrobial activity
thistle
antioxidants
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/14/9/1191
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