Biodiesel resource for sustainable microgrid system: a spotlight on the state-of-the-art, application, challenges and enabling policy

Abstract This paper presents the state-of-the-art and the problems affecting the progress of biodiesel (bioD) fuel, storage, and the enabling policy. The work examines the application of bioD in microgrids (µ-grids) and the impact of using different bioD blends coupled with other resources such as s...

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Main Authors: Daniel Akinyele, Olakunle Olabode, Funso Ariyo, Adeonipekun Adeshina
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-04-01
Series:Discover Sustainability
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-025-01081-4
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author Daniel Akinyele
Olakunle Olabode
Funso Ariyo
Adeonipekun Adeshina
author_facet Daniel Akinyele
Olakunle Olabode
Funso Ariyo
Adeonipekun Adeshina
author_sort Daniel Akinyele
collection DOAJ
description Abstract This paper presents the state-of-the-art and the problems affecting the progress of biodiesel (bioD) fuel, storage, and the enabling policy. The work examines the application of bioD in microgrids (µ-grids) and the impact of using different bioD blends coupled with other resources such as solar and biogas (bioG). The paper considers PV, bioG and bioD-based µ-grid simulation for standalone applications. A µ-power optimization tool is employed to determine the sizes of PV, battery, inverter, bioD generator (bioDG) and the bioG systems to supply a demand of 32,685.75 kWh/yr for 15 houses in Nigeria. Three µ-grids – PV-only, PV/bioDG and the PV/BioG/bioDG systems are compared using the energy generated, unmet load (uL), cost and the emissions saved by different blends. The PV-only delivers 43,496 kWh/yr of electricity with uL of 2,479 kWh/yr (7.59%), capacity shortage of 3,294 kWh/yr (10.1 %), and excess electricity of 7,244 kWh/yr (16.7 %). In the second case, an 11 kW bioDG is integrated with the PV; the PV and the bioDG generate 43,467 and 12,599 kWh/yr of electricity, respectively, with uL of 0%. The PV/BioG/bioD µ-grid produced a total energy of 37,453 kWh/yr, which completely satisfies the users’ demand. The hybrid configurations also achieve appreciable emissions saving compared to a PV/diesel option. The emissions saved by the hybrid systems for different blends—B100 to B5 range from 9,120 to 456 kg/yr. These results demonstrate a direct proportionality of emissions to the bioD in the blends. The PV/BioG/bioDG µ-grid can provide eco-friendly and reliable supply. A conceptual policy framework is also introduced in the paper, which provides insights into social acceptance of the bioD fuel for local electrification planning and development..
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spelling doaj-art-583c05a97f334d2aabb1938ace134c592025-08-20T02:11:50ZengSpringerDiscover Sustainability2662-99842025-04-016113910.1007/s43621-025-01081-4Biodiesel resource for sustainable microgrid system: a spotlight on the state-of-the-art, application, challenges and enabling policyDaniel Akinyele0Olakunle Olabode1Funso Ariyo2Adeonipekun Adeshina3Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Olusegun Agagu University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Electrical and Information Engineering, Achievers UniversityDepartment of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo UniversityTransmission Company of Nigeria, Osogbo RegionAbstract This paper presents the state-of-the-art and the problems affecting the progress of biodiesel (bioD) fuel, storage, and the enabling policy. The work examines the application of bioD in microgrids (µ-grids) and the impact of using different bioD blends coupled with other resources such as solar and biogas (bioG). The paper considers PV, bioG and bioD-based µ-grid simulation for standalone applications. A µ-power optimization tool is employed to determine the sizes of PV, battery, inverter, bioD generator (bioDG) and the bioG systems to supply a demand of 32,685.75 kWh/yr for 15 houses in Nigeria. Three µ-grids – PV-only, PV/bioDG and the PV/BioG/bioDG systems are compared using the energy generated, unmet load (uL), cost and the emissions saved by different blends. The PV-only delivers 43,496 kWh/yr of electricity with uL of 2,479 kWh/yr (7.59%), capacity shortage of 3,294 kWh/yr (10.1 %), and excess electricity of 7,244 kWh/yr (16.7 %). In the second case, an 11 kW bioDG is integrated with the PV; the PV and the bioDG generate 43,467 and 12,599 kWh/yr of electricity, respectively, with uL of 0%. The PV/BioG/bioD µ-grid produced a total energy of 37,453 kWh/yr, which completely satisfies the users’ demand. The hybrid configurations also achieve appreciable emissions saving compared to a PV/diesel option. The emissions saved by the hybrid systems for different blends—B100 to B5 range from 9,120 to 456 kg/yr. These results demonstrate a direct proportionality of emissions to the bioD in the blends. The PV/BioG/bioDG µ-grid can provide eco-friendly and reliable supply. A conceptual policy framework is also introduced in the paper, which provides insights into social acceptance of the bioD fuel for local electrification planning and development..https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-025-01081-4BiodieselCarbon dioxide emissionsDemandDieselMicrogridPhotovoltaic supply
spellingShingle Daniel Akinyele
Olakunle Olabode
Funso Ariyo
Adeonipekun Adeshina
Biodiesel resource for sustainable microgrid system: a spotlight on the state-of-the-art, application, challenges and enabling policy
Discover Sustainability
Biodiesel
Carbon dioxide emissions
Demand
Diesel
Microgrid
Photovoltaic supply
title Biodiesel resource for sustainable microgrid system: a spotlight on the state-of-the-art, application, challenges and enabling policy
title_full Biodiesel resource for sustainable microgrid system: a spotlight on the state-of-the-art, application, challenges and enabling policy
title_fullStr Biodiesel resource for sustainable microgrid system: a spotlight on the state-of-the-art, application, challenges and enabling policy
title_full_unstemmed Biodiesel resource for sustainable microgrid system: a spotlight on the state-of-the-art, application, challenges and enabling policy
title_short Biodiesel resource for sustainable microgrid system: a spotlight on the state-of-the-art, application, challenges and enabling policy
title_sort biodiesel resource for sustainable microgrid system a spotlight on the state of the art application challenges and enabling policy
topic Biodiesel
Carbon dioxide emissions
Demand
Diesel
Microgrid
Photovoltaic supply
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-025-01081-4
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