Survival and behavior of juvenile salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.) in a large water diversion revealed with acoustic telemetry

Abstract Diversion of freshwater is a common practice worldwide that is often associated with negative impacts on native fish. Assessment of the survival and behavior of fish around water diversion infrastructure is critical to formulate strategies to mitigate potentially negative effects. In the Sa...

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Main Authors: Steven C. Zeug, Myfanwy E. Johnston, Matthew B. Espe, Andrew J. Kalmbach, Eric D. Chapman, Michele N. Johnson, Javier B. Miranda
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-08-01
Series:Animal Biotelemetry
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40317-025-00421-5
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author Steven C. Zeug
Myfanwy E. Johnston
Matthew B. Espe
Andrew J. Kalmbach
Eric D. Chapman
Michele N. Johnson
Javier B. Miranda
author_facet Steven C. Zeug
Myfanwy E. Johnston
Matthew B. Espe
Andrew J. Kalmbach
Eric D. Chapman
Michele N. Johnson
Javier B. Miranda
author_sort Steven C. Zeug
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Diversion of freshwater is a common practice worldwide that is often associated with negative impacts on native fish. Assessment of the survival and behavior of fish around water diversion infrastructure is critical to formulate strategies to mitigate potentially negative effects. In the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta (USA) a large diversion operated by the state of California has been documented to impose mortality on threatened juvenile salmonids that are entrained there. The diversion includes a salvage system that separates fish from water downstream of a forebay. However, there is mortality associated with the entrainment and salvage process. Survival estimates based on previous batch-tagging studies are applied within regulatory frameworks to manage salmonid mortality associated with the diversion. An independent science review found that variation in survival and movement behavior through the facilities was the largest source of uncertainty in models estimating the magnitude of mortality. We performed a 6-year acoustic telemetry study to define survival in specific components of the facility, characterize variation in survival over time, and relate survival probabilities to the characteristics of individual fish. We found that survival is highly variable among specific locations of the diversion and within and between years. In addition, the size and run/species of juvenile salmonids were best supported as covariates to explain patterns of survival. The data presented here represent the most comprehensive study of salmonid survival through this large diversion and can be used to improve models of diversion-related mortality and provide a baseline against which mitigation measures may be evaluated.
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spelling doaj-art-58327cb7fb1f472db8c2ffd59f9d23b12025-08-20T03:04:23ZengBMCAnimal Biotelemetry2050-33852025-08-0113111310.1186/s40317-025-00421-5Survival and behavior of juvenile salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.) in a large water diversion revealed with acoustic telemetrySteven C. Zeug0Myfanwy E. Johnston1Matthew B. Espe2Andrew J. Kalmbach3Eric D. Chapman4Michele N. Johnson5Javier B. Miranda6Cramer Fish Sciences, Modeling Analysis and Synthesis LabCramer Fish Sciences, Modeling Analysis and Synthesis LabCramer Fish Sciences, Modeling Analysis and Synthesis LabFish and Aquatic Science and Technology Team, ICFFish and Aquatic Science and Technology Team, ICFCalifornia Department of Water Resources, Division of Integrated Science and EngineeringCalifornia Department of Water Resources, Division of Integrated Science and EngineeringAbstract Diversion of freshwater is a common practice worldwide that is often associated with negative impacts on native fish. Assessment of the survival and behavior of fish around water diversion infrastructure is critical to formulate strategies to mitigate potentially negative effects. In the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta (USA) a large diversion operated by the state of California has been documented to impose mortality on threatened juvenile salmonids that are entrained there. The diversion includes a salvage system that separates fish from water downstream of a forebay. However, there is mortality associated with the entrainment and salvage process. Survival estimates based on previous batch-tagging studies are applied within regulatory frameworks to manage salmonid mortality associated with the diversion. An independent science review found that variation in survival and movement behavior through the facilities was the largest source of uncertainty in models estimating the magnitude of mortality. We performed a 6-year acoustic telemetry study to define survival in specific components of the facility, characterize variation in survival over time, and relate survival probabilities to the characteristics of individual fish. We found that survival is highly variable among specific locations of the diversion and within and between years. In addition, the size and run/species of juvenile salmonids were best supported as covariates to explain patterns of survival. The data presented here represent the most comprehensive study of salmonid survival through this large diversion and can be used to improve models of diversion-related mortality and provide a baseline against which mitigation measures may be evaluated.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40317-025-00421-5Chinook SalmonSteelheadTelemetrySurvivalDiversionSacramento-San Joaquin Delta
spellingShingle Steven C. Zeug
Myfanwy E. Johnston
Matthew B. Espe
Andrew J. Kalmbach
Eric D. Chapman
Michele N. Johnson
Javier B. Miranda
Survival and behavior of juvenile salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.) in a large water diversion revealed with acoustic telemetry
Animal Biotelemetry
Chinook Salmon
Steelhead
Telemetry
Survival
Diversion
Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta
title Survival and behavior of juvenile salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.) in a large water diversion revealed with acoustic telemetry
title_full Survival and behavior of juvenile salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.) in a large water diversion revealed with acoustic telemetry
title_fullStr Survival and behavior of juvenile salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.) in a large water diversion revealed with acoustic telemetry
title_full_unstemmed Survival and behavior of juvenile salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.) in a large water diversion revealed with acoustic telemetry
title_short Survival and behavior of juvenile salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.) in a large water diversion revealed with acoustic telemetry
title_sort survival and behavior of juvenile salmonids oncorhynchus spp in a large water diversion revealed with acoustic telemetry
topic Chinook Salmon
Steelhead
Telemetry
Survival
Diversion
Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40317-025-00421-5
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