An injectable, expandable polyacrylamide cryogel decreases blood loss and improves survival in a porcine model of junctional hemorrhage
Abstract Uncontrolled hemorrhage, including junctional hemorrhage, is a leading cause of preventable death in military trauma. Effective therapies are urgently needed to stabilize patients and prevent further blood loss. We developed an injectable, Expandable Polyacrylamide Cryogel (EPC) that rapidl...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-87193-3 |
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| author | Al-Murtadha Al-Gahmi Syed Muntazir Andrabi S. M. Shatil Shahriar Carlos P. Jara Jingwei Xie Mark A. Carlson |
| author_facet | Al-Murtadha Al-Gahmi Syed Muntazir Andrabi S. M. Shatil Shahriar Carlos P. Jara Jingwei Xie Mark A. Carlson |
| author_sort | Al-Murtadha Al-Gahmi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Uncontrolled hemorrhage, including junctional hemorrhage, is a leading cause of preventable death in military trauma. Effective therapies are urgently needed to stabilize patients and prevent further blood loss. We developed an injectable, Expandable Polyacrylamide Cryogel (EPC) that rapidly expands to tamponade bleeding. The hemostatic efficacy of EPC was compared to other hemostatic products in a porcine junctional hemorrhage model. Splenectomized domestic swine (~ 40 kg; N = 37) were randomized to no treatment (N = 8), EPC (N = 7), EPC + thrombin (N = 6), XStat (N = 7), and Combat Gauze (CG, N = 9). They underwent transection of the right femoral artery/vein, followed by 30 s of free bleed, 3 min of manual compression, and observation for up to 3 h. EPC application achieved hemostasis and 100% survival for both formulations, compared to XStat (85%), CG (67%), and no treatment (37%) (p 0.0228, Fisher exact). Mean total blood loss was lowest in EPC groups (~ 590 mL) versus no treatment (1,683 ± 570 mL), XStat (784 ± 407 mL), and CG (1,181 ± 721 mL; p < 0.001 ANOVA). All other endpoints tended to favor the EPC formulations. EPC application for junctional-type injury produced wound tamponade with better survival, reduced blood loss, and better hemodynamic and laboratory parameters compared to no treatment, with trending improvements over XStat and CG. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-58215c8c28fb4d649a1a84168cbf24ea |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-58215c8c28fb4d649a1a84168cbf24ea2025-02-09T12:32:26ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-02-0115111110.1038/s41598-025-87193-3An injectable, expandable polyacrylamide cryogel decreases blood loss and improves survival in a porcine model of junctional hemorrhageAl-Murtadha Al-Gahmi0Syed Muntazir Andrabi1S. M. Shatil Shahriar2Carlos P. Jara3Jingwei Xie4Mark A. Carlson5Departmentsof Surgery-General Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical CenterDepartmentof Surgery-Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical CenterDepartmentof Surgery-Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical CenterDepartmentsof Surgery-General Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical CenterDepartmentof Surgery-Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical CenterDepartmentsof Surgery-General Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical CenterAbstract Uncontrolled hemorrhage, including junctional hemorrhage, is a leading cause of preventable death in military trauma. Effective therapies are urgently needed to stabilize patients and prevent further blood loss. We developed an injectable, Expandable Polyacrylamide Cryogel (EPC) that rapidly expands to tamponade bleeding. The hemostatic efficacy of EPC was compared to other hemostatic products in a porcine junctional hemorrhage model. Splenectomized domestic swine (~ 40 kg; N = 37) were randomized to no treatment (N = 8), EPC (N = 7), EPC + thrombin (N = 6), XStat (N = 7), and Combat Gauze (CG, N = 9). They underwent transection of the right femoral artery/vein, followed by 30 s of free bleed, 3 min of manual compression, and observation for up to 3 h. EPC application achieved hemostasis and 100% survival for both formulations, compared to XStat (85%), CG (67%), and no treatment (37%) (p 0.0228, Fisher exact). Mean total blood loss was lowest in EPC groups (~ 590 mL) versus no treatment (1,683 ± 570 mL), XStat (784 ± 407 mL), and CG (1,181 ± 721 mL; p < 0.001 ANOVA). All other endpoints tended to favor the EPC formulations. EPC application for junctional-type injury produced wound tamponade with better survival, reduced blood loss, and better hemodynamic and laboratory parameters compared to no treatment, with trending improvements over XStat and CG.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-87193-3 |
| spellingShingle | Al-Murtadha Al-Gahmi Syed Muntazir Andrabi S. M. Shatil Shahriar Carlos P. Jara Jingwei Xie Mark A. Carlson An injectable, expandable polyacrylamide cryogel decreases blood loss and improves survival in a porcine model of junctional hemorrhage Scientific Reports |
| title | An injectable, expandable polyacrylamide cryogel decreases blood loss and improves survival in a porcine model of junctional hemorrhage |
| title_full | An injectable, expandable polyacrylamide cryogel decreases blood loss and improves survival in a porcine model of junctional hemorrhage |
| title_fullStr | An injectable, expandable polyacrylamide cryogel decreases blood loss and improves survival in a porcine model of junctional hemorrhage |
| title_full_unstemmed | An injectable, expandable polyacrylamide cryogel decreases blood loss and improves survival in a porcine model of junctional hemorrhage |
| title_short | An injectable, expandable polyacrylamide cryogel decreases blood loss and improves survival in a porcine model of junctional hemorrhage |
| title_sort | injectable expandable polyacrylamide cryogel decreases blood loss and improves survival in a porcine model of junctional hemorrhage |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-87193-3 |
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