Optimizing Immunotherapy: The Synergy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors with Artificial Intelligence in Melanoma Treatment
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed melanoma treatment; however, predicting patient responses remains a significant challenge. This study reviews the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) to optimize ICI therapy in melanoma by integrating various diagnostic tools. Through a comp...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Biomolecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/15/4/589 |
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| author | Mohammad Saleem Abigail E. Watson Aisha Anwaar Ahmad Omar Jasser Nabiha Yusuf |
| author_facet | Mohammad Saleem Abigail E. Watson Aisha Anwaar Ahmad Omar Jasser Nabiha Yusuf |
| author_sort | Mohammad Saleem |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed melanoma treatment; however, predicting patient responses remains a significant challenge. This study reviews the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) to optimize ICI therapy in melanoma by integrating various diagnostic tools. Through a comprehensive literature review, we analyzed studies on AI applications in melanoma immunotherapy, focusing on predictive modeling, biomarker identification, and treatment response prediction. Key findings highlight the efficacy of AI in improving ICI outcomes. Machine learning models successfully identified prognostic cytokine signatures linked to nivolumab clearance. The combination of AI with RNAseq analysis had the potential for the development of personalized treatment with ICIs. A machine learning-based approach was able to assess the risk-benefit ratio for the prediction of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) using the electronic health record (EHR) data. Deep learning algorithms demonstrated high accuracy in tumor microenvironment analysis, including tumor region identification and lymphocyte detection. AI-assisted quantification of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) proved prognostically valuable in primary melanoma and predictive of anti-PD-1 therapy response in metastatic cases. Integrating multiple diagnostic modalities, such as CT imaging and laboratory data, modestly enhanced predictive performance for 1-year survival in advanced cancers treated with immunotherapy. These findings underscore the potential of AI-driven approaches to refine biomarker identification, treatment prediction, and patient stratification in melanoma immunotherapy. While promising, clinical validation and implementation challenges remain. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5812979b73b34c7d87a864d6f2e4b189 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2218-273X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomolecules |
| spelling | doaj-art-5812979b73b34c7d87a864d6f2e4b1892025-08-20T02:17:14ZengMDPI AGBiomolecules2218-273X2025-04-0115458910.3390/biom15040589Optimizing Immunotherapy: The Synergy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors with Artificial Intelligence in Melanoma TreatmentMohammad Saleem0Abigail E. Watson1Aisha Anwaar2Ahmad Omar Jasser3Nabiha Yusuf4Department of Dermatology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USACollege of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USADepartment of Dermatology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USADepartment of Dermatology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USADepartment of Dermatology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USAImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed melanoma treatment; however, predicting patient responses remains a significant challenge. This study reviews the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) to optimize ICI therapy in melanoma by integrating various diagnostic tools. Through a comprehensive literature review, we analyzed studies on AI applications in melanoma immunotherapy, focusing on predictive modeling, biomarker identification, and treatment response prediction. Key findings highlight the efficacy of AI in improving ICI outcomes. Machine learning models successfully identified prognostic cytokine signatures linked to nivolumab clearance. The combination of AI with RNAseq analysis had the potential for the development of personalized treatment with ICIs. A machine learning-based approach was able to assess the risk-benefit ratio for the prediction of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) using the electronic health record (EHR) data. Deep learning algorithms demonstrated high accuracy in tumor microenvironment analysis, including tumor region identification and lymphocyte detection. AI-assisted quantification of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) proved prognostically valuable in primary melanoma and predictive of anti-PD-1 therapy response in metastatic cases. Integrating multiple diagnostic modalities, such as CT imaging and laboratory data, modestly enhanced predictive performance for 1-year survival in advanced cancers treated with immunotherapy. These findings underscore the potential of AI-driven approaches to refine biomarker identification, treatment prediction, and patient stratification in melanoma immunotherapy. While promising, clinical validation and implementation challenges remain.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/15/4/589melanomaimmune checkpoint inhibitorsartificial intelligenceimmunotherapyPD-1PD-L1 |
| spellingShingle | Mohammad Saleem Abigail E. Watson Aisha Anwaar Ahmad Omar Jasser Nabiha Yusuf Optimizing Immunotherapy: The Synergy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors with Artificial Intelligence in Melanoma Treatment Biomolecules melanoma immune checkpoint inhibitors artificial intelligence immunotherapy PD-1 PD-L1 |
| title | Optimizing Immunotherapy: The Synergy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors with Artificial Intelligence in Melanoma Treatment |
| title_full | Optimizing Immunotherapy: The Synergy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors with Artificial Intelligence in Melanoma Treatment |
| title_fullStr | Optimizing Immunotherapy: The Synergy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors with Artificial Intelligence in Melanoma Treatment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimizing Immunotherapy: The Synergy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors with Artificial Intelligence in Melanoma Treatment |
| title_short | Optimizing Immunotherapy: The Synergy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors with Artificial Intelligence in Melanoma Treatment |
| title_sort | optimizing immunotherapy the synergy of immune checkpoint inhibitors with artificial intelligence in melanoma treatment |
| topic | melanoma immune checkpoint inhibitors artificial intelligence immunotherapy PD-1 PD-L1 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/15/4/589 |
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