Constraints on ∆L = 2 vector bosons with tree couplings to SM particles
Abstract We investigate phenomenological implications of vector bosons V transforming as (1, 2, -3/2) under the standard model (SM) product gauge group SU(3) C , SU(2) L and U(1) Y . These vector bosons can couple to two SM leptons at tree-level forming dimension-4 operators. These operators dictate...
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SpringerOpen
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Journal of High Energy Physics |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP07(2025)205 |
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| author | Zhong-Lv Huang Xiao-Gang He |
| author_facet | Zhong-Lv Huang Xiao-Gang He |
| author_sort | Zhong-Lv Huang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract We investigate phenomenological implications of vector bosons V transforming as (1, 2, -3/2) under the standard model (SM) product gauge group SU(3) C , SU(2) L and U(1) Y . These vector bosons can couple to two SM leptons at tree-level forming dimension-4 operators. These operators dictate V to have two units of global lepton number, ∆L = 2. The operators generated conserve the global lepton number but can violate generational lepton numbers. We study constraints on the couplings Y of V to SM particles using tree-level processes such as l α − → l β + l ρ − l σ − $$ {l}_{\alpha}^{-}\to {l}_{\beta}^{+}{l}_{\rho}^{-}{l}_{\sigma}^{-} $$ , muonium and antimuonium oscillation, neutrino trident scattering, inverse muon decay, e − e + → l − l +, and also one-loop level processes such as the magnetic dipole moment of a charged lepton and l i → l j γ. Strong constraints are obtained from l α − → l β + l ρ − l σ − $$ {l}_{\alpha}^{-}\to {l}_{\beta}^{+}{l}_{\rho}^{-}{l}_{\sigma}^{-} $$ with | Y ee Y μe ∗ $$ {Y}_{ee}{Y}_{\mu e}^{\ast } $$ | < 3.29 × 10 −11 (m V /GeV)2 , ∣ Y ee Y μe ∗ ∣ $$ \mid {Y}_{ee}{Y}_{\mu e}^{\ast}\mid $$ < 3.29 × 10 −11 (m V /GeV)2 and from l i → l j γ with ∣ Y τe Y μτ ∗ ∣ $$ \mid {Y}_{\tau e}{Y}_{\mu \tau}^{\ast}\mid $$ < 3.46 × 10 −12(m V /GeV)2 , ∣ Y eτ Y τμ ∗ ∣ $$ \mid {Y}_{e\tau}{Y}_{\tau \mu}^{\ast}\mid $$ < 3.46 × 10 −12 (m V /GeV)2, respectively. Interestingly, the imaginary part of the coupling constant in our model induces CP violation, which is constrained by experimental limits on the electric dipole moment. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-580fe72674a4412ebbfec0c1a8b0bffe |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1029-8479 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of High Energy Physics |
| spelling | doaj-art-580fe72674a4412ebbfec0c1a8b0bffe2025-08-20T03:04:08ZengSpringerOpenJournal of High Energy Physics1029-84792025-07-012025711810.1007/JHEP07(2025)205Constraints on ∆L = 2 vector bosons with tree couplings to SM particlesZhong-Lv Huang0Xiao-Gang He1State Key Laboratory of Dark Matter Physics, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityState Key Laboratory of Dark Matter Physics, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityAbstract We investigate phenomenological implications of vector bosons V transforming as (1, 2, -3/2) under the standard model (SM) product gauge group SU(3) C , SU(2) L and U(1) Y . These vector bosons can couple to two SM leptons at tree-level forming dimension-4 operators. These operators dictate V to have two units of global lepton number, ∆L = 2. The operators generated conserve the global lepton number but can violate generational lepton numbers. We study constraints on the couplings Y of V to SM particles using tree-level processes such as l α − → l β + l ρ − l σ − $$ {l}_{\alpha}^{-}\to {l}_{\beta}^{+}{l}_{\rho}^{-}{l}_{\sigma}^{-} $$ , muonium and antimuonium oscillation, neutrino trident scattering, inverse muon decay, e − e + → l − l +, and also one-loop level processes such as the magnetic dipole moment of a charged lepton and l i → l j γ. Strong constraints are obtained from l α − → l β + l ρ − l σ − $$ {l}_{\alpha}^{-}\to {l}_{\beta}^{+}{l}_{\rho}^{-}{l}_{\sigma}^{-} $$ with | Y ee Y μe ∗ $$ {Y}_{ee}{Y}_{\mu e}^{\ast } $$ | < 3.29 × 10 −11 (m V /GeV)2 , ∣ Y ee Y μe ∗ ∣ $$ \mid {Y}_{ee}{Y}_{\mu e}^{\ast}\mid $$ < 3.29 × 10 −11 (m V /GeV)2 and from l i → l j γ with ∣ Y τe Y μτ ∗ ∣ $$ \mid {Y}_{\tau e}{Y}_{\mu \tau}^{\ast}\mid $$ < 3.46 × 10 −12(m V /GeV)2 , ∣ Y eτ Y τμ ∗ ∣ $$ \mid {Y}_{e\tau}{Y}_{\tau \mu}^{\ast}\mid $$ < 3.46 × 10 −12 (m V /GeV)2, respectively. Interestingly, the imaginary part of the coupling constant in our model induces CP violation, which is constrained by experimental limits on the electric dipole moment.https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP07(2025)205Baryon/Lepton Number ViolationSpecific BSM Phenomenology |
| spellingShingle | Zhong-Lv Huang Xiao-Gang He Constraints on ∆L = 2 vector bosons with tree couplings to SM particles Journal of High Energy Physics Baryon/Lepton Number Violation Specific BSM Phenomenology |
| title | Constraints on ∆L = 2 vector bosons with tree couplings to SM particles |
| title_full | Constraints on ∆L = 2 vector bosons with tree couplings to SM particles |
| title_fullStr | Constraints on ∆L = 2 vector bosons with tree couplings to SM particles |
| title_full_unstemmed | Constraints on ∆L = 2 vector bosons with tree couplings to SM particles |
| title_short | Constraints on ∆L = 2 vector bosons with tree couplings to SM particles |
| title_sort | constraints on ∆l 2 vector bosons with tree couplings to sm particles |
| topic | Baryon/Lepton Number Violation Specific BSM Phenomenology |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP07(2025)205 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT zhonglvhuang constraintsonl2vectorbosonswithtreecouplingstosmparticles AT xiaoganghe constraintsonl2vectorbosonswithtreecouplingstosmparticles |