HBx mutant-regulated RPL13AP25 mediates suboptimal virological response to entecavir and HCC progression

Abstract Background A number of effective antiviral agents for chronic hepatitis B are available worldwide, and these agents have exhibited satisfactory virologic suppression, but suboptimal responses still occur in some patients. We aimed to explore the contribution of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Yang-Hsiang Lin, Ming-Wei Lai, Yu-De Chu, Kwang-Huei Lin, Chao-Wei Hsu, Rong-Nan Chien, Po-Heng Chuang, Chih-Lang Lin, Chau-Ting Yeh
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-06-01
Series:Cancer Cell International
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12935-025-03873-0
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849685817811795968
author Yang-Hsiang Lin
Ming-Wei Lai
Yu-De Chu
Kwang-Huei Lin
Chao-Wei Hsu
Rong-Nan Chien
Po-Heng Chuang
Chih-Lang Lin
Chau-Ting Yeh
author_facet Yang-Hsiang Lin
Ming-Wei Lai
Yu-De Chu
Kwang-Huei Lin
Chao-Wei Hsu
Rong-Nan Chien
Po-Heng Chuang
Chih-Lang Lin
Chau-Ting Yeh
author_sort Yang-Hsiang Lin
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background A number of effective antiviral agents for chronic hepatitis B are available worldwide, and these agents have exhibited satisfactory virologic suppression, but suboptimal responses still occur in some patients. We aimed to explore the contribution of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in mediating suboptimal responses in chronic hepatitis B patients, which remains to be fully elucidated. Methods Cox regression models were used to analyze associations between suboptimal response and clinical factors. Hepatitis B virus X (HBx) gene was sequenced from entecavir-treated patients who developed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Functional assays were conducted using Transwell assays, MTT assays, and xenograft model. Results Suboptimal response was found to be a significant independent predictor of HCC development. Five of the six patients who developed HCC in the suboptimal response period were found to have HBx mutations (HBx-L100 insertion, HBx-G32R/K130M, HBx-Q87G/k130M/C143R, HBx-L123S, and HBx-H94Y/K130M). Overexpression of the HBx-H94Y/K130M mutation in HepG2.2.15 cells showed significantly increased cccDNA accumulation and enhanced cell migration compared to controls and other HBx mutants. RNA-seq analysis identified RPL13AP25 as a direct target of HBx-H94Y/K130M. RPL13AP25 was highly expressed in HCC tissues, and its elevated expression was associated with poor overall survival and enhanced cell motility and cccDNA accumulation both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, both HBx-H94Y/K130M and RPL13AP25 enhanced the hyperphosphorylation of eIF4EBP1, leading to its dissociation from eIF4E, which subsequently enhances protein synthesis and ultimately contributes to HCC. Conclusions The HBx-H94Y/K130M mutant, selected during the period of suboptimal virological response, appears to promote cccDNA accumulation, likely through the upregulation of RPL13AP25, which contributed to HCC progression.
format Article
id doaj-art-57fe3c82aadb43c981bdb5a1f4050ee7
institution DOAJ
issn 1475-2867
language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher BMC
record_format Article
series Cancer Cell International
spelling doaj-art-57fe3c82aadb43c981bdb5a1f4050ee72025-08-20T03:22:57ZengBMCCancer Cell International1475-28672025-06-0125111510.1186/s12935-025-03873-0HBx mutant-regulated RPL13AP25 mediates suboptimal virological response to entecavir and HCC progressionYang-Hsiang Lin0Ming-Wei Lai1Yu-De Chu2Kwang-Huei Lin3Chao-Wei Hsu4Rong-Nan Chien5Po-Heng Chuang6Chih-Lang Lin7Chau-Ting Yeh8Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial HospitalLiver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial HospitalLiver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial HospitalLiver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial HospitalLiver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial HospitalLiver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial HospitalDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jen-Ai HospitalLiver Research Unit, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Keelung Branch, Chang Gung Memorial HospitalLiver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial HospitalAbstract Background A number of effective antiviral agents for chronic hepatitis B are available worldwide, and these agents have exhibited satisfactory virologic suppression, but suboptimal responses still occur in some patients. We aimed to explore the contribution of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in mediating suboptimal responses in chronic hepatitis B patients, which remains to be fully elucidated. Methods Cox regression models were used to analyze associations between suboptimal response and clinical factors. Hepatitis B virus X (HBx) gene was sequenced from entecavir-treated patients who developed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Functional assays were conducted using Transwell assays, MTT assays, and xenograft model. Results Suboptimal response was found to be a significant independent predictor of HCC development. Five of the six patients who developed HCC in the suboptimal response period were found to have HBx mutations (HBx-L100 insertion, HBx-G32R/K130M, HBx-Q87G/k130M/C143R, HBx-L123S, and HBx-H94Y/K130M). Overexpression of the HBx-H94Y/K130M mutation in HepG2.2.15 cells showed significantly increased cccDNA accumulation and enhanced cell migration compared to controls and other HBx mutants. RNA-seq analysis identified RPL13AP25 as a direct target of HBx-H94Y/K130M. RPL13AP25 was highly expressed in HCC tissues, and its elevated expression was associated with poor overall survival and enhanced cell motility and cccDNA accumulation both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, both HBx-H94Y/K130M and RPL13AP25 enhanced the hyperphosphorylation of eIF4EBP1, leading to its dissociation from eIF4E, which subsequently enhances protein synthesis and ultimately contributes to HCC. Conclusions The HBx-H94Y/K130M mutant, selected during the period of suboptimal virological response, appears to promote cccDNA accumulation, likely through the upregulation of RPL13AP25, which contributed to HCC progression.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12935-025-03873-0
spellingShingle Yang-Hsiang Lin
Ming-Wei Lai
Yu-De Chu
Kwang-Huei Lin
Chao-Wei Hsu
Rong-Nan Chien
Po-Heng Chuang
Chih-Lang Lin
Chau-Ting Yeh
HBx mutant-regulated RPL13AP25 mediates suboptimal virological response to entecavir and HCC progression
Cancer Cell International
title HBx mutant-regulated RPL13AP25 mediates suboptimal virological response to entecavir and HCC progression
title_full HBx mutant-regulated RPL13AP25 mediates suboptimal virological response to entecavir and HCC progression
title_fullStr HBx mutant-regulated RPL13AP25 mediates suboptimal virological response to entecavir and HCC progression
title_full_unstemmed HBx mutant-regulated RPL13AP25 mediates suboptimal virological response to entecavir and HCC progression
title_short HBx mutant-regulated RPL13AP25 mediates suboptimal virological response to entecavir and HCC progression
title_sort hbx mutant regulated rpl13ap25 mediates suboptimal virological response to entecavir and hcc progression
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12935-025-03873-0
work_keys_str_mv AT yanghsianglin hbxmutantregulatedrpl13ap25mediatessuboptimalvirologicalresponsetoentecavirandhccprogression
AT mingweilai hbxmutantregulatedrpl13ap25mediatessuboptimalvirologicalresponsetoentecavirandhccprogression
AT yudechu hbxmutantregulatedrpl13ap25mediatessuboptimalvirologicalresponsetoentecavirandhccprogression
AT kwanghueilin hbxmutantregulatedrpl13ap25mediatessuboptimalvirologicalresponsetoentecavirandhccprogression
AT chaoweihsu hbxmutantregulatedrpl13ap25mediatessuboptimalvirologicalresponsetoentecavirandhccprogression
AT rongnanchien hbxmutantregulatedrpl13ap25mediatessuboptimalvirologicalresponsetoentecavirandhccprogression
AT pohengchuang hbxmutantregulatedrpl13ap25mediatessuboptimalvirologicalresponsetoentecavirandhccprogression
AT chihlanglin hbxmutantregulatedrpl13ap25mediatessuboptimalvirologicalresponsetoentecavirandhccprogression
AT chautingyeh hbxmutantregulatedrpl13ap25mediatessuboptimalvirologicalresponsetoentecavirandhccprogression