Sustainable Wastewater Treatment: Raw and Activated Cow Dung for the Sorption of Methylene Blue Dye

Water pollution caused by synthetic dyes, like methylene blue, is a threat to the existence of biogenic components of the environment. This study explores the use of raw cow dung (RCD) and treated (acid treatment) cow dung (TCD) as effective sorbents to remove methylene blue (MB) from wastewater. Th...

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Main Authors: Abimbola Aina Ogundiran, Olusegun Olafimihan Ogundiran, Badeji Abosede Adejoke, Ali El Gamal, Talha Bin Emran, Mohamed Hefnawy
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: North Carolina State University 2025-06-01
Series:BioResources
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Online Access:https://ojs.bioresources.com/index.php/BRJ/article/view/24654
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author Abimbola Aina Ogundiran
Olusegun Olafimihan Ogundiran
Badeji Abosede Adejoke
Ali El Gamal
Talha Bin Emran
Mohamed Hefnawy
author_facet Abimbola Aina Ogundiran
Olusegun Olafimihan Ogundiran
Badeji Abosede Adejoke
Ali El Gamal
Talha Bin Emran
Mohamed Hefnawy
author_sort Abimbola Aina Ogundiran
collection DOAJ
description Water pollution caused by synthetic dyes, like methylene blue, is a threat to the existence of biogenic components of the environment. This study explores the use of raw cow dung (RCD) and treated (acid treatment) cow dung (TCD) as effective sorbents to remove methylene blue (MB) from wastewater. The optimal conditions for MB removal of 58.3% (RCD) and 86.6% (TCD) were determined as 300 mg/L initial dye concentration, 120 min for RCD, and 100 min for TCD contact time, 50 °C temperature, and pH 5.0. Maximum adsorption capacity of 47.8 mg/g and 64.26 mg/g were determined for RCD and TCD, respectively. Thermodynamic parameter of enthalpy change (ΔH° = 9.32 kJ/mol for RCD and 6.40 kJ/mol for TCD) indicated an endothermic process. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) identified functional groups, such as OH, -NH₂, C=O, and C-O, as being responsible for the uptake of the dye molecules. The study confirms that activated cow dung is a sustainable, cost-effective alternative to conventional adsorbents like activated carbon for dye removal.
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institution Kabale University
issn 1930-2126
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publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher North Carolina State University
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spelling doaj-art-57e881cc8d774111a30340176ab3f4e52025-08-20T03:38:39ZengNorth Carolina State UniversityBioResources1930-21262025-06-01203681568362963Sustainable Wastewater Treatment: Raw and Activated Cow Dung for the Sorption of Methylene Blue DyeAbimbola Aina Ogundiran0Olusegun Olafimihan Ogundiran1Badeji Abosede Adejoke2Ali El Gamal3Talha Bin Emran4Mohamed Hefnawy5Department of Chemical Sciences, Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijagun, Ogun State, NigeriaDepartment of Chemistry, Sikiru Adetona College of Education, Science and Technology, Ije-Omu, Ogun StateDepartment of Chemical Sciences, Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijagun, Ogun State, NigeriaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Life Science, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, BangladeshDepartment of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaWater pollution caused by synthetic dyes, like methylene blue, is a threat to the existence of biogenic components of the environment. This study explores the use of raw cow dung (RCD) and treated (acid treatment) cow dung (TCD) as effective sorbents to remove methylene blue (MB) from wastewater. The optimal conditions for MB removal of 58.3% (RCD) and 86.6% (TCD) were determined as 300 mg/L initial dye concentration, 120 min for RCD, and 100 min for TCD contact time, 50 °C temperature, and pH 5.0. Maximum adsorption capacity of 47.8 mg/g and 64.26 mg/g were determined for RCD and TCD, respectively. Thermodynamic parameter of enthalpy change (ΔH° = 9.32 kJ/mol for RCD and 6.40 kJ/mol for TCD) indicated an endothermic process. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) identified functional groups, such as OH, -NH₂, C=O, and C-O, as being responsible for the uptake of the dye molecules. The study confirms that activated cow dung is a sustainable, cost-effective alternative to conventional adsorbents like activated carbon for dye removal.https://ojs.bioresources.com/index.php/BRJ/article/view/24654adsorptioncow dungkineticsmethylene bluethermodynamics
spellingShingle Abimbola Aina Ogundiran
Olusegun Olafimihan Ogundiran
Badeji Abosede Adejoke
Ali El Gamal
Talha Bin Emran
Mohamed Hefnawy
Sustainable Wastewater Treatment: Raw and Activated Cow Dung for the Sorption of Methylene Blue Dye
BioResources
adsorption
cow dung
kinetics
methylene blue
thermodynamics
title Sustainable Wastewater Treatment: Raw and Activated Cow Dung for the Sorption of Methylene Blue Dye
title_full Sustainable Wastewater Treatment: Raw and Activated Cow Dung for the Sorption of Methylene Blue Dye
title_fullStr Sustainable Wastewater Treatment: Raw and Activated Cow Dung for the Sorption of Methylene Blue Dye
title_full_unstemmed Sustainable Wastewater Treatment: Raw and Activated Cow Dung for the Sorption of Methylene Blue Dye
title_short Sustainable Wastewater Treatment: Raw and Activated Cow Dung for the Sorption of Methylene Blue Dye
title_sort sustainable wastewater treatment raw and activated cow dung for the sorption of methylene blue dye
topic adsorption
cow dung
kinetics
methylene blue
thermodynamics
url https://ojs.bioresources.com/index.php/BRJ/article/view/24654
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AT badejiabosedeadejoke sustainablewastewatertreatmentrawandactivatedcowdungforthesorptionofmethylenebluedye
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