Sequential layer-by-layer deposition for high-performance fully thermal-evaporated red perovskite light-emitting diodes

Abstract Thermal-evaporated perovskite light-emitting diodes are highly promising for future display and lighting. However, multi-source co-evaporation faces challenges such as difficulty in regulating crystallinity, especially for red perovskite light-emitting diodes, whose external quantum efficie...

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Main Authors: Yajing Li, Na Meng, Yutian Xu, Bufan Yu, Junhao Liu, Yuanhao Cui, Ziqiang Wang, Xinwu Ke, Tengfei Pan, Xue Min, Jiangshan Chen, Dongge Ma, Lingfeng Chao, Zhelu Hu, Yingdong Xia, Qingxun Guo, Yonghua Chen, Wei Huang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-62282-z
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author Yajing Li
Na Meng
Yutian Xu
Bufan Yu
Junhao Liu
Yuanhao Cui
Ziqiang Wang
Xinwu Ke
Tengfei Pan
Xue Min
Jiangshan Chen
Dongge Ma
Lingfeng Chao
Zhelu Hu
Yingdong Xia
Qingxun Guo
Yonghua Chen
Wei Huang
author_facet Yajing Li
Na Meng
Yutian Xu
Bufan Yu
Junhao Liu
Yuanhao Cui
Ziqiang Wang
Xinwu Ke
Tengfei Pan
Xue Min
Jiangshan Chen
Dongge Ma
Lingfeng Chao
Zhelu Hu
Yingdong Xia
Qingxun Guo
Yonghua Chen
Wei Huang
author_sort Yajing Li
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Thermal-evaporated perovskite light-emitting diodes are highly promising for future display and lighting. However, multi-source co-evaporation faces challenges such as difficulty in regulating crystallinity, especially for red perovskite light-emitting diodes, whose external quantum efficiencies are still less than 2%. Here, we demonstrate a facile layer-by-layer thermal-evaporation strategy to fabricate high-quality perovskite-emitting films with tunable emission wavelengths. 5-Aminovaleric acid is introduced to regulate interfacial reactions during deposition, slow down crystallization during post-annealing, and passivate defects through coordination interactions. This approach yields perovskite emitting layers with high uniformity and luminance efficiency. As a result, red (670 nm) and deep-red (730 nm) perovskite light-emitting diodes achieve maximum external quantum efficiencies of 9% and 7.27%, and luminance of over 1500 cd m-2 and 200 W s-1 m-2, respectively. Furthermore, large-area (2500 mm²) and patterned perovskite thin films and light-emitting diodes with outstanding uniformity are successfully demonstrated.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2041-1723
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publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series Nature Communications
spelling doaj-art-57e56fa83da941b5a86b405fcd2c4e022025-08-20T04:03:02ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-07-011611810.1038/s41467-025-62282-zSequential layer-by-layer deposition for high-performance fully thermal-evaporated red perovskite light-emitting diodesYajing Li0Na Meng1Yutian Xu2Bufan Yu3Junhao Liu4Yuanhao Cui5Ziqiang Wang6Xinwu Ke7Tengfei Pan8Xue Min9Jiangshan Chen10Dongge Ma11Lingfeng Chao12Zhelu Hu13Yingdong Xia14Qingxun Guo15Yonghua Chen16Wei Huang17State Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (LoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)State Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (LoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)State Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (LoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of TechnologyState Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (LoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)State Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (LoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)State Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (LoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)State Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (LoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)State Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (LoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)State Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (LoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of TechnologyInstitute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of TechnologyState Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (LoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)State Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (LoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)State Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (LoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)State Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (LoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)State Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (LoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)State Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (LoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)Abstract Thermal-evaporated perovskite light-emitting diodes are highly promising for future display and lighting. However, multi-source co-evaporation faces challenges such as difficulty in regulating crystallinity, especially for red perovskite light-emitting diodes, whose external quantum efficiencies are still less than 2%. Here, we demonstrate a facile layer-by-layer thermal-evaporation strategy to fabricate high-quality perovskite-emitting films with tunable emission wavelengths. 5-Aminovaleric acid is introduced to regulate interfacial reactions during deposition, slow down crystallization during post-annealing, and passivate defects through coordination interactions. This approach yields perovskite emitting layers with high uniformity and luminance efficiency. As a result, red (670 nm) and deep-red (730 nm) perovskite light-emitting diodes achieve maximum external quantum efficiencies of 9% and 7.27%, and luminance of over 1500 cd m-2 and 200 W s-1 m-2, respectively. Furthermore, large-area (2500 mm²) and patterned perovskite thin films and light-emitting diodes with outstanding uniformity are successfully demonstrated.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-62282-z
spellingShingle Yajing Li
Na Meng
Yutian Xu
Bufan Yu
Junhao Liu
Yuanhao Cui
Ziqiang Wang
Xinwu Ke
Tengfei Pan
Xue Min
Jiangshan Chen
Dongge Ma
Lingfeng Chao
Zhelu Hu
Yingdong Xia
Qingxun Guo
Yonghua Chen
Wei Huang
Sequential layer-by-layer deposition for high-performance fully thermal-evaporated red perovskite light-emitting diodes
Nature Communications
title Sequential layer-by-layer deposition for high-performance fully thermal-evaporated red perovskite light-emitting diodes
title_full Sequential layer-by-layer deposition for high-performance fully thermal-evaporated red perovskite light-emitting diodes
title_fullStr Sequential layer-by-layer deposition for high-performance fully thermal-evaporated red perovskite light-emitting diodes
title_full_unstemmed Sequential layer-by-layer deposition for high-performance fully thermal-evaporated red perovskite light-emitting diodes
title_short Sequential layer-by-layer deposition for high-performance fully thermal-evaporated red perovskite light-emitting diodes
title_sort sequential layer by layer deposition for high performance fully thermal evaporated red perovskite light emitting diodes
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-62282-z
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