AT 2019aalc: A Bowen Fluorescence Flare with a Precursor Flare in an Active Galactic Nucleus

AT 2019aalc is a peculiar sequence of highly variable emission events observed towards the nucleus of the broad-line active galactic nucleus (AGN) SDSS J152416.66+045119.0. The system exhibited two distinct UV-optical flares (the first detected in 2019, the second one in 2023). Spectra obtained foll...

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Main Authors: Marzena Śniegowska, Benny Trakhtenbrot, Lydia Makrygianni, Iair Arcavi, Claudio Ricci, Sara Faris, Biswaraj Palit, D. Andrew Howell, Megan Newsome, Joseph Farah, Curtis McCully, Estefania Padilla-Gonzalez, Giacomo Terreran
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2025-01-01
Series:The Astrophysical Journal
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aded13
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author Marzena Śniegowska
Benny Trakhtenbrot
Lydia Makrygianni
Iair Arcavi
Claudio Ricci
Sara Faris
Biswaraj Palit
D. Andrew Howell
Megan Newsome
Joseph Farah
Curtis McCully
Estefania Padilla-Gonzalez
Giacomo Terreran
author_facet Marzena Śniegowska
Benny Trakhtenbrot
Lydia Makrygianni
Iair Arcavi
Claudio Ricci
Sara Faris
Biswaraj Palit
D. Andrew Howell
Megan Newsome
Joseph Farah
Curtis McCully
Estefania Padilla-Gonzalez
Giacomo Terreran
author_sort Marzena Śniegowska
collection DOAJ
description AT 2019aalc is a peculiar sequence of highly variable emission events observed towards the nucleus of the broad-line active galactic nucleus (AGN) SDSS J152416.66+045119.0. The system exhibited two distinct UV-optical flares (the first detected in 2019, the second one in 2023). Spectra obtained following the detection of the second flare revealed prominent Bowen fluorescence (BF) and high-ionization coronal emission lines, which were much weaker, if at all detectable, in a spectrum taken following the first flare. We present and analyze a large set of multi-wavelength, multi-epoch data for this source, with particular emphasis on optical spectroscopic monitoring conducted with the Las Cumbres Observatory network. During the relatively slow dimming that followed the second optical flare, the UV-optical light curve shows a sequence of minor rebrightening events, while the BF and the coronal lines vary (roughly) in tandem with these “bumps” in the broadband light curve. Most of the observed behavior of AT 2019aalc links it to the growing class of BF flares while setting it apart from canonical tidal disruption events. However, AT 2019aalc has some outstanding peculiarities, including two short flares seen in its soft X-ray light-curve during the dimming phase of the second optical flare, and which do not seem to be linked to the emission line variations. We discuss the optical and X-ray properties of the source and possible scenarios of the origin of the flare, in particular radiation pressure instabilities in the (preexisting) AGN accretion disk.
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spelling doaj-art-57df84e8e05e467f93f77de8d4f25b9a2025-08-20T03:36:26ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572025-01-01989217310.3847/1538-4357/aded13AT 2019aalc: A Bowen Fluorescence Flare with a Precursor Flare in an Active Galactic NucleusMarzena Śniegowska0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2656-6726Benny Trakhtenbrot1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3683-7297Lydia Makrygianni2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7466-4868Iair Arcavi3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7090-4898Claudio Ricci4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5231-2645Sara Faris5https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8485-1281Biswaraj Palit6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4533-3170D. Andrew Howell7https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4253-656XMegan Newsome8https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9570-0584Joseph Farah9https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4914-5625Curtis McCully10https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5807-7893Estefania Padilla-Gonzalez11https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0209-9246Giacomo Terreran12https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0794-5982School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel ; marzena.sniegowska@gmail.comSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel ; marzena.sniegowska@gmail.com; Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik , Gießenbachstraße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany; Excellence Cluster ORIGINS , Boltzmannsstraße 2, 85748 Garching, GermanyDepartment of Physics, Lancaster University , Lancaster LA1 4YB, UKSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel ; marzena.sniegowska@gmail.com; CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholars Program , CIFAR, Toronto, CanadaInstituto de Estudios Astrofísicos, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Diego Portales , Av. Ejército Libertador 441, Santiago, Chile; Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of ChinaSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel ; marzena.sniegowska@gmail.comNicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center , Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, PolandLas Cumbres Observatory , 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117-5575, USA; Department of Physics, University of California , Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530, USALas Cumbres Observatory , 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117-5575, USA; Department of Physics, University of California , Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530, USALas Cumbres Observatory , 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117-5575, USA; Department of Physics, University of California , Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530, USALas Cumbres Observatory , 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117-5575, USALas Cumbres Observatory , 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117-5575, USA; Department of Physics, University of California , Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530, USALas Cumbres Observatory , 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117-5575, USAAT 2019aalc is a peculiar sequence of highly variable emission events observed towards the nucleus of the broad-line active galactic nucleus (AGN) SDSS J152416.66+045119.0. The system exhibited two distinct UV-optical flares (the first detected in 2019, the second one in 2023). Spectra obtained following the detection of the second flare revealed prominent Bowen fluorescence (BF) and high-ionization coronal emission lines, which were much weaker, if at all detectable, in a spectrum taken following the first flare. We present and analyze a large set of multi-wavelength, multi-epoch data for this source, with particular emphasis on optical spectroscopic monitoring conducted with the Las Cumbres Observatory network. During the relatively slow dimming that followed the second optical flare, the UV-optical light curve shows a sequence of minor rebrightening events, while the BF and the coronal lines vary (roughly) in tandem with these “bumps” in the broadband light curve. Most of the observed behavior of AT 2019aalc links it to the growing class of BF flares while setting it apart from canonical tidal disruption events. However, AT 2019aalc has some outstanding peculiarities, including two short flares seen in its soft X-ray light-curve during the dimming phase of the second optical flare, and which do not seem to be linked to the emission line variations. We discuss the optical and X-ray properties of the source and possible scenarios of the origin of the flare, in particular radiation pressure instabilities in the (preexisting) AGN accretion disk.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aded13AccretionTransient sourcesTime domain astronomyActive galactic nuclei
spellingShingle Marzena Śniegowska
Benny Trakhtenbrot
Lydia Makrygianni
Iair Arcavi
Claudio Ricci
Sara Faris
Biswaraj Palit
D. Andrew Howell
Megan Newsome
Joseph Farah
Curtis McCully
Estefania Padilla-Gonzalez
Giacomo Terreran
AT 2019aalc: A Bowen Fluorescence Flare with a Precursor Flare in an Active Galactic Nucleus
The Astrophysical Journal
Accretion
Transient sources
Time domain astronomy
Active galactic nuclei
title AT 2019aalc: A Bowen Fluorescence Flare with a Precursor Flare in an Active Galactic Nucleus
title_full AT 2019aalc: A Bowen Fluorescence Flare with a Precursor Flare in an Active Galactic Nucleus
title_fullStr AT 2019aalc: A Bowen Fluorescence Flare with a Precursor Flare in an Active Galactic Nucleus
title_full_unstemmed AT 2019aalc: A Bowen Fluorescence Flare with a Precursor Flare in an Active Galactic Nucleus
title_short AT 2019aalc: A Bowen Fluorescence Flare with a Precursor Flare in an Active Galactic Nucleus
title_sort at 2019aalc a bowen fluorescence flare with a precursor flare in an active galactic nucleus
topic Accretion
Transient sources
Time domain astronomy
Active galactic nuclei
url https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aded13
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