Influence of Genetic Polymorphisms on the Age at Cancer Diagnosis in a Homogenous Lynch Syndrome Cohort of Individuals Carrying the <i>MLH1</i>:c.1528C>T South African Founder Variant
<b>Background:</b> High variability in the age at cancer diagnosis in Lynch syndrome (LS) patients is widely observed, even among relatives with the same germline pathogenic variant (PV) in the mismatch repair (MMR) genes. Genetic polymorphisms and lifestyle factors are thought to contri...
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2024-09-01
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| author | Lutricia Ndou Ramadhani Chambuso Ursula Algar Paul Goldberg Adam Boutall Raj Ramesar |
| author_facet | Lutricia Ndou Ramadhani Chambuso Ursula Algar Paul Goldberg Adam Boutall Raj Ramesar |
| author_sort | Lutricia Ndou |
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| description | <b>Background:</b> High variability in the age at cancer diagnosis in Lynch syndrome (LS) patients is widely observed, even among relatives with the same germline pathogenic variant (PV) in the mismatch repair (MMR) genes. Genetic polymorphisms and lifestyle factors are thought to contribute to this variability. We investigated the influence of previously reported genetic polymorphisms on the age at cancer diagnosis in a homogenous LS cohort with a South African founder germline PV c.1528C>T in the <i>MLH1</i> gene. <b>Methods:</b> A total of 359 LS variant heterozygotes (LSVH) from 60 different families were genotyped for specific genetic polymorphisms in <i>GSTM1</i>, <i>GSTT1</i>, <i>CYP1A1</i>, <i>CYP17</i>, <i>PPP2R2B</i>, <i>KIF20A</i>, <i>TGFB1</i>, <i>XRCC5</i>, <i>TNF</i>, <i>BCL2</i>, <i>CHFR</i>, <i>CDC25C</i>, <i>ATM</i>, <i>TTC28</i>, <i>CDC25C</i>, <i>HFE</i>, <i>and hTERT</i> genes using Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction and MassArray methods. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards gamma shared frailty models adjusted for sex were used to estimate the association between age at cancer diagnosis and polymorphism genotypes. A <i>p</i>-value < 0.05 after correcting for multiple testing using the Benjamini–Hochberg method was considered significant at a 95% confidence interval. <b>Results:</b> We identified three genotypes in the cell-cycle regulation, DNA repair, and xenobiotic-metabolism genes significantly associated with age at cancer diagnosis in this cohort. The <i>CYP1A1</i> rs4646903 risk (GG) and <i>CDC25C</i> rs3734166 polymorphic (GA+AA) genotypes were significantly associated with an increased risk of a younger age at cancer diagnosis (Adj HR: 2.03 [1.01–4.08], <i>p</i> = 0.034 and Adj HR: 1.53 [1.09–2.14], <i>p</i> = 0.015, respectively). LSVH who were heterozygous for the <i>XRCC5</i> rs1051685 SNP showed significant protection against younger age at cancer diagnosis (Adj HR: 0.69 [CI, 0.48–0.99], <i>p</i> = 0.043). The risk of a younger age at any cancer diagnosis was significantly high in LS carriers of one to two risk genotypes (Adj HR: 1.49 [CI: 1.06–2.09], corrected <i>p</i> = 0.030), while having one to two protective genotypes significantly reduced the risk of developing any cancer and CRC at a younger age (Adj HR: 0.52 [CI: 0.37–0.73], and Adj HR: 0.51 [CI: 0.36–0.74], both corrected <i>p</i> < 0.001). <b>Conclusions:</b> Polymorphism genotypes in the cell-cycle regulation, DNA repair, and xenobiotic metabolizing genes may influence the age at cancer diagnosis in a homogenous LS cohort with a South African founder germline PV c.1528C>T in the <i>MLH1</i> gene. |
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| spelling | doaj-art-57ca5ee7df3248c693b71767263eb60e2025-08-20T02:11:14ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592024-09-011210220110.3390/biomedicines12102201Influence of Genetic Polymorphisms on the Age at Cancer Diagnosis in a Homogenous Lynch Syndrome Cohort of Individuals Carrying the <i>MLH1</i>:c.1528C>T South African Founder VariantLutricia Ndou0Ramadhani Chambuso1Ursula Algar2Paul Goldberg3Adam Boutall4Raj Ramesar5UCT/MRC Genomic and Precision Medicine Research Unit, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, and Affiliated Hospitals, Cape Town 7704, South AfricaUCT/MRC Genomic and Precision Medicine Research Unit, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, and Affiliated Hospitals, Cape Town 7704, South AfricaThe Colorectal Unit of the Department of Surgery, Groote Schuur Hospital, The University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South AfricaThe Colorectal Unit of the Department of Surgery, Groote Schuur Hospital, The University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South AfricaThe Colorectal Unit of the Department of Surgery, Groote Schuur Hospital, The University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South AfricaUCT/MRC Genomic and Precision Medicine Research Unit, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, and Affiliated Hospitals, Cape Town 7704, South Africa<b>Background:</b> High variability in the age at cancer diagnosis in Lynch syndrome (LS) patients is widely observed, even among relatives with the same germline pathogenic variant (PV) in the mismatch repair (MMR) genes. Genetic polymorphisms and lifestyle factors are thought to contribute to this variability. We investigated the influence of previously reported genetic polymorphisms on the age at cancer diagnosis in a homogenous LS cohort with a South African founder germline PV c.1528C>T in the <i>MLH1</i> gene. <b>Methods:</b> A total of 359 LS variant heterozygotes (LSVH) from 60 different families were genotyped for specific genetic polymorphisms in <i>GSTM1</i>, <i>GSTT1</i>, <i>CYP1A1</i>, <i>CYP17</i>, <i>PPP2R2B</i>, <i>KIF20A</i>, <i>TGFB1</i>, <i>XRCC5</i>, <i>TNF</i>, <i>BCL2</i>, <i>CHFR</i>, <i>CDC25C</i>, <i>ATM</i>, <i>TTC28</i>, <i>CDC25C</i>, <i>HFE</i>, <i>and hTERT</i> genes using Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction and MassArray methods. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards gamma shared frailty models adjusted for sex were used to estimate the association between age at cancer diagnosis and polymorphism genotypes. A <i>p</i>-value < 0.05 after correcting for multiple testing using the Benjamini–Hochberg method was considered significant at a 95% confidence interval. <b>Results:</b> We identified three genotypes in the cell-cycle regulation, DNA repair, and xenobiotic-metabolism genes significantly associated with age at cancer diagnosis in this cohort. The <i>CYP1A1</i> rs4646903 risk (GG) and <i>CDC25C</i> rs3734166 polymorphic (GA+AA) genotypes were significantly associated with an increased risk of a younger age at cancer diagnosis (Adj HR: 2.03 [1.01–4.08], <i>p</i> = 0.034 and Adj HR: 1.53 [1.09–2.14], <i>p</i> = 0.015, respectively). LSVH who were heterozygous for the <i>XRCC5</i> rs1051685 SNP showed significant protection against younger age at cancer diagnosis (Adj HR: 0.69 [CI, 0.48–0.99], <i>p</i> = 0.043). The risk of a younger age at any cancer diagnosis was significantly high in LS carriers of one to two risk genotypes (Adj HR: 1.49 [CI: 1.06–2.09], corrected <i>p</i> = 0.030), while having one to two protective genotypes significantly reduced the risk of developing any cancer and CRC at a younger age (Adj HR: 0.52 [CI: 0.37–0.73], and Adj HR: 0.51 [CI: 0.36–0.74], both corrected <i>p</i> < 0.001). <b>Conclusions:</b> Polymorphism genotypes in the cell-cycle regulation, DNA repair, and xenobiotic metabolizing genes may influence the age at cancer diagnosis in a homogenous LS cohort with a South African founder germline PV c.1528C>T in the <i>MLH1</i> gene.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/10/2201Lynch syndromeage at cancer diagnosiscolorectal cancerLynch syndrome-associated cancerextracolonic cancergenetic polymorphisms |
| spellingShingle | Lutricia Ndou Ramadhani Chambuso Ursula Algar Paul Goldberg Adam Boutall Raj Ramesar Influence of Genetic Polymorphisms on the Age at Cancer Diagnosis in a Homogenous Lynch Syndrome Cohort of Individuals Carrying the <i>MLH1</i>:c.1528C>T South African Founder Variant Biomedicines Lynch syndrome age at cancer diagnosis colorectal cancer Lynch syndrome-associated cancer extracolonic cancer genetic polymorphisms |
| title | Influence of Genetic Polymorphisms on the Age at Cancer Diagnosis in a Homogenous Lynch Syndrome Cohort of Individuals Carrying the <i>MLH1</i>:c.1528C>T South African Founder Variant |
| title_full | Influence of Genetic Polymorphisms on the Age at Cancer Diagnosis in a Homogenous Lynch Syndrome Cohort of Individuals Carrying the <i>MLH1</i>:c.1528C>T South African Founder Variant |
| title_fullStr | Influence of Genetic Polymorphisms on the Age at Cancer Diagnosis in a Homogenous Lynch Syndrome Cohort of Individuals Carrying the <i>MLH1</i>:c.1528C>T South African Founder Variant |
| title_full_unstemmed | Influence of Genetic Polymorphisms on the Age at Cancer Diagnosis in a Homogenous Lynch Syndrome Cohort of Individuals Carrying the <i>MLH1</i>:c.1528C>T South African Founder Variant |
| title_short | Influence of Genetic Polymorphisms on the Age at Cancer Diagnosis in a Homogenous Lynch Syndrome Cohort of Individuals Carrying the <i>MLH1</i>:c.1528C>T South African Founder Variant |
| title_sort | influence of genetic polymorphisms on the age at cancer diagnosis in a homogenous lynch syndrome cohort of individuals carrying the i mlh1 i c 1528c t south african founder variant |
| topic | Lynch syndrome age at cancer diagnosis colorectal cancer Lynch syndrome-associated cancer extracolonic cancer genetic polymorphisms |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/10/2201 |
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