Motor learning leverages coordinated low-frequency cortico-basal ganglia activity to optimize motor preparation in humans with Parkinson’s disease

Learning dexterous motor sequences is crucial to autonomy and quality of life but can be altered in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Learning involves optimizing pre-movement planning (preplanning) of multiple sequence elements to reduce computational overhead during active movement. However, it is unclear...

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Main Authors: Kara N. Presbrey, Thomas A. Wozny, Kenneth H. Louie, Simon Little, Philip A. Starr, Reza Abbasi-Asl, Doris D. Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Neuroscience
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2025.1542493/full
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author Kara N. Presbrey
Kara N. Presbrey
Kara N. Presbrey
Thomas A. Wozny
Thomas A. Wozny
Kenneth H. Louie
Kenneth H. Louie
Simon Little
Simon Little
Philip A. Starr
Philip A. Starr
Reza Abbasi-Asl
Reza Abbasi-Asl
Doris D. Wang
Doris D. Wang
author_facet Kara N. Presbrey
Kara N. Presbrey
Kara N. Presbrey
Thomas A. Wozny
Thomas A. Wozny
Kenneth H. Louie
Kenneth H. Louie
Simon Little
Simon Little
Philip A. Starr
Philip A. Starr
Reza Abbasi-Asl
Reza Abbasi-Asl
Doris D. Wang
Doris D. Wang
author_sort Kara N. Presbrey
collection DOAJ
description Learning dexterous motor sequences is crucial to autonomy and quality of life but can be altered in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Learning involves optimizing pre-movement planning (preplanning) of multiple sequence elements to reduce computational overhead during active movement. However, it is unclear which brain regions mediate preplanning or how this process evolves with learning. Recording cortico-basal ganglia field potentials during a multi-day typing task in four individuals with PD, we found evidence for network-wide multi-element preplanning that improved with learning, facilitated by functional connectivity. In both cortex and basal ganglia, pre-movement gamma (γ, 30–250 Hz) activity, historically linked to population spiking, distinguished between future action sequences and became increasingly predictive with learning. For motor cortex γ, this increase was tied to learning-related cross-frequency coupling led by cortically-driven network delta (δ, 0.5–4 Hz) synchrony. More generally, coordinated network δ supported a complex pattern of learning-driven cross-frequency couplings within and between cortex and basal ganglia, including striatal lead of cortical beta (β, 12–30 Hz) activity, reflecting the specialized roles of these brain regions in motor preparation. In contrast, impaired learning was characterized by practice-driven decreases in γ’s predictive value, limited cross-frequency coupling and absent network δ synchrony, with network dynamics possibly altered by pathologically high inter-basal ganglia δ synchrony. These results suggest that cortically-led δ phase coordination optimized cortico-basal ganglia multi-element preplanning through enhanced recruitment of higher-frequency neural activity. Neurostimulation that enhances cortico-basal ganglia δ synchrony may thus hold potential for improving skilled fine motor control in PD.
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spelling doaj-art-57bce7d2ed1944f5be90e9721fbf9c762025-08-20T02:57:44ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neuroscience1662-453X2025-05-011910.3389/fnins.2025.15424931542493Motor learning leverages coordinated low-frequency cortico-basal ganglia activity to optimize motor preparation in humans with Parkinson’s diseaseKara N. Presbrey0Kara N. Presbrey1Kara N. Presbrey2Thomas A. Wozny3Thomas A. Wozny4Kenneth H. Louie5Kenneth H. Louie6Simon Little7Simon Little8Philip A. Starr9Philip A. Starr10Reza Abbasi-Asl11Reza Abbasi-Asl12Doris D. Wang13Doris D. Wang14Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United StatesDepartment of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United StatesWeill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United StatesDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United StatesWeill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United StatesDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United StatesWeill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United StatesDepartment of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United StatesWeill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United StatesDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United StatesWeill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United StatesDepartment of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United StatesWeill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United StatesDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United StatesWeill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United StatesLearning dexterous motor sequences is crucial to autonomy and quality of life but can be altered in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Learning involves optimizing pre-movement planning (preplanning) of multiple sequence elements to reduce computational overhead during active movement. However, it is unclear which brain regions mediate preplanning or how this process evolves with learning. Recording cortico-basal ganglia field potentials during a multi-day typing task in four individuals with PD, we found evidence for network-wide multi-element preplanning that improved with learning, facilitated by functional connectivity. In both cortex and basal ganglia, pre-movement gamma (γ, 30–250 Hz) activity, historically linked to population spiking, distinguished between future action sequences and became increasingly predictive with learning. For motor cortex γ, this increase was tied to learning-related cross-frequency coupling led by cortically-driven network delta (δ, 0.5–4 Hz) synchrony. More generally, coordinated network δ supported a complex pattern of learning-driven cross-frequency couplings within and between cortex and basal ganglia, including striatal lead of cortical beta (β, 12–30 Hz) activity, reflecting the specialized roles of these brain regions in motor preparation. In contrast, impaired learning was characterized by practice-driven decreases in γ’s predictive value, limited cross-frequency coupling and absent network δ synchrony, with network dynamics possibly altered by pathologically high inter-basal ganglia δ synchrony. These results suggest that cortically-led δ phase coordination optimized cortico-basal ganglia multi-element preplanning through enhanced recruitment of higher-frequency neural activity. Neurostimulation that enhances cortico-basal ganglia δ synchrony may thus hold potential for improving skilled fine motor control in PD.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2025.1542493/fullParkinson’s diseasemovement decodingfunctional connectivitysequencingmotor learningmotor planning
spellingShingle Kara N. Presbrey
Kara N. Presbrey
Kara N. Presbrey
Thomas A. Wozny
Thomas A. Wozny
Kenneth H. Louie
Kenneth H. Louie
Simon Little
Simon Little
Philip A. Starr
Philip A. Starr
Reza Abbasi-Asl
Reza Abbasi-Asl
Doris D. Wang
Doris D. Wang
Motor learning leverages coordinated low-frequency cortico-basal ganglia activity to optimize motor preparation in humans with Parkinson’s disease
Frontiers in Neuroscience
Parkinson’s disease
movement decoding
functional connectivity
sequencing
motor learning
motor planning
title Motor learning leverages coordinated low-frequency cortico-basal ganglia activity to optimize motor preparation in humans with Parkinson’s disease
title_full Motor learning leverages coordinated low-frequency cortico-basal ganglia activity to optimize motor preparation in humans with Parkinson’s disease
title_fullStr Motor learning leverages coordinated low-frequency cortico-basal ganglia activity to optimize motor preparation in humans with Parkinson’s disease
title_full_unstemmed Motor learning leverages coordinated low-frequency cortico-basal ganglia activity to optimize motor preparation in humans with Parkinson’s disease
title_short Motor learning leverages coordinated low-frequency cortico-basal ganglia activity to optimize motor preparation in humans with Parkinson’s disease
title_sort motor learning leverages coordinated low frequency cortico basal ganglia activity to optimize motor preparation in humans with parkinson s disease
topic Parkinson’s disease
movement decoding
functional connectivity
sequencing
motor learning
motor planning
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2025.1542493/full
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