Breaking the Hardness-Wear Trade-Off: Quantitative Correlation in Nano-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-Reinforced Al<sub>10</sub>Cr<sub>17</sub>Fe<sub>20</sub>NiV<sub>4</sub> High-Entropy Alloys
Multi-principal element alloys (MPEAs) exhibit distinct characteristics compared to conventional single-principal element-based metallic materials, primarily due to their unique design, resulting in intricate microstructural features. Currently, a comprehensive understanding of the fabrication proce...
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| author | Cong Feng Huan Wang Yaping Wang |
| author_facet | Cong Feng Huan Wang Yaping Wang |
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| description | Multi-principal element alloys (MPEAs) exhibit distinct characteristics compared to conventional single-principal element-based metallic materials, primarily due to their unique design, resulting in intricate microstructural features. Currently, a comprehensive understanding of the fabrication processes, compositional design, and microstructural influence on the tribological and corrosion behavior of multi-component alloys remains limited. While the hardness of MPEAs generally correlates positively with wear resistance, with higher hardness typically associated with improved wear resistance and reduced wear rates, quantitative relationships between these properties are not well established. In this study, the Al<sub>10</sub>Cr<sub>17</sub>Fe<sub>20</sub>NiV<sub>4</sub> alloy was selected as a model system. A homogeneous Al<sub>10</sub>Cr<sub>17</sub>Fe<sub>20</sub>NiV<sub>4</sub> alloy was successfully synthesized via mechanical alloying followed by spark plasma sintering (SPS). To further investigate the correlation between hardness and wear rate, varying concentrations of alumina nanoparticles were incorporated into the alloy matrix as a reinforcing phase. The results revealed that the Al<sub>10</sub>Cr<sub>17</sub>Fe<sub>20</sub>NiV<sub>4</sub> alloy exhibited a single-phase face-centered cubic (FCC) structure, which was maintained with the addition of alumina nanoparticles. The hardness of the Al<sub>10</sub>Cr<sub>17</sub>Fe<sub>20</sub>NiV<sub>4</sub> alloy without nano-alumina was 727 HV, with a corresponding wear rate of 2.9 × 10<sup>−4</sup> mm<sup>3</sup>·N<sup>−1</sup>·m<sup>−1</sup>. The incorporation of nano-alumina increased the hardness to 823 HV, and significantly reduced the wear rate to 1.6 × 10<sup>−4</sup> mm<sup>3</sup>·N<sup>−1</sup>·m<sup>−1</sup>, representing a 45% reduction. The Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles effectively mitigated alloy wear through crack passivation and matrix strengthening; however, excessive addition reversed this effect due to the agglomeration-induced brittleness and thermal mismatch. The quantitative relationship between hardness (HV) and wear rate (W) was determined as W = 2348 e<sup>(−0.006HV)</sup>. Such carefully bounded empirical relationships, as demonstrated in studies of cold-formed materials and dental enamel, remain valuable tools in applied research when accompanied by explicit scope limitations. |
| format | Article |
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| spelling | doaj-art-57b1fe76fc06408e97b58a39eaa49c1d2025-08-20T02:33:47ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912025-05-01151077510.3390/nano15100775Breaking the Hardness-Wear Trade-Off: Quantitative Correlation in Nano-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-Reinforced Al<sub>10</sub>Cr<sub>17</sub>Fe<sub>20</sub>NiV<sub>4</sub> High-Entropy AlloysCong Feng0Huan Wang1Yaping Wang2MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi’an 710049, ChinaBeijing Shenzhou Aerospace Software Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100094, ChinaMOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi’an 710049, ChinaMulti-principal element alloys (MPEAs) exhibit distinct characteristics compared to conventional single-principal element-based metallic materials, primarily due to their unique design, resulting in intricate microstructural features. Currently, a comprehensive understanding of the fabrication processes, compositional design, and microstructural influence on the tribological and corrosion behavior of multi-component alloys remains limited. While the hardness of MPEAs generally correlates positively with wear resistance, with higher hardness typically associated with improved wear resistance and reduced wear rates, quantitative relationships between these properties are not well established. In this study, the Al<sub>10</sub>Cr<sub>17</sub>Fe<sub>20</sub>NiV<sub>4</sub> alloy was selected as a model system. A homogeneous Al<sub>10</sub>Cr<sub>17</sub>Fe<sub>20</sub>NiV<sub>4</sub> alloy was successfully synthesized via mechanical alloying followed by spark plasma sintering (SPS). To further investigate the correlation between hardness and wear rate, varying concentrations of alumina nanoparticles were incorporated into the alloy matrix as a reinforcing phase. The results revealed that the Al<sub>10</sub>Cr<sub>17</sub>Fe<sub>20</sub>NiV<sub>4</sub> alloy exhibited a single-phase face-centered cubic (FCC) structure, which was maintained with the addition of alumina nanoparticles. The hardness of the Al<sub>10</sub>Cr<sub>17</sub>Fe<sub>20</sub>NiV<sub>4</sub> alloy without nano-alumina was 727 HV, with a corresponding wear rate of 2.9 × 10<sup>−4</sup> mm<sup>3</sup>·N<sup>−1</sup>·m<sup>−1</sup>. The incorporation of nano-alumina increased the hardness to 823 HV, and significantly reduced the wear rate to 1.6 × 10<sup>−4</sup> mm<sup>3</sup>·N<sup>−1</sup>·m<sup>−1</sup>, representing a 45% reduction. The Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles effectively mitigated alloy wear through crack passivation and matrix strengthening; however, excessive addition reversed this effect due to the agglomeration-induced brittleness and thermal mismatch. The quantitative relationship between hardness (HV) and wear rate (W) was determined as W = 2348 e<sup>(−0.006HV)</sup>. Such carefully bounded empirical relationships, as demonstrated in studies of cold-formed materials and dental enamel, remain valuable tools in applied research when accompanied by explicit scope limitations.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/10/775multi-principal element alloyshardnesswear resistancenano-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> reinforced |
| spellingShingle | Cong Feng Huan Wang Yaping Wang Breaking the Hardness-Wear Trade-Off: Quantitative Correlation in Nano-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-Reinforced Al<sub>10</sub>Cr<sub>17</sub>Fe<sub>20</sub>NiV<sub>4</sub> High-Entropy Alloys Nanomaterials multi-principal element alloys hardness wear resistance nano-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> reinforced |
| title | Breaking the Hardness-Wear Trade-Off: Quantitative Correlation in Nano-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-Reinforced Al<sub>10</sub>Cr<sub>17</sub>Fe<sub>20</sub>NiV<sub>4</sub> High-Entropy Alloys |
| title_full | Breaking the Hardness-Wear Trade-Off: Quantitative Correlation in Nano-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-Reinforced Al<sub>10</sub>Cr<sub>17</sub>Fe<sub>20</sub>NiV<sub>4</sub> High-Entropy Alloys |
| title_fullStr | Breaking the Hardness-Wear Trade-Off: Quantitative Correlation in Nano-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-Reinforced Al<sub>10</sub>Cr<sub>17</sub>Fe<sub>20</sub>NiV<sub>4</sub> High-Entropy Alloys |
| title_full_unstemmed | Breaking the Hardness-Wear Trade-Off: Quantitative Correlation in Nano-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-Reinforced Al<sub>10</sub>Cr<sub>17</sub>Fe<sub>20</sub>NiV<sub>4</sub> High-Entropy Alloys |
| title_short | Breaking the Hardness-Wear Trade-Off: Quantitative Correlation in Nano-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-Reinforced Al<sub>10</sub>Cr<sub>17</sub>Fe<sub>20</sub>NiV<sub>4</sub> High-Entropy Alloys |
| title_sort | breaking the hardness wear trade off quantitative correlation in nano al sub 2 sub o sub 3 sub reinforced al sub 10 sub cr sub 17 sub fe sub 20 sub niv sub 4 sub high entropy alloys |
| topic | multi-principal element alloys hardness wear resistance nano-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> reinforced |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/10/775 |
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