The case for development of a core outcome set (COS) and supplemental reporting guidelines for influenza vaccine challenge trial research in swine
Previously, we systematically reviewed more than 20 years of influenza vaccine challenge trial research in pigs to answer the question, “does vaccinating sows protect offspring?” Overall, most studies were well designed but clinical heterogeneity made between-study comparisons challenging. Studies v...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1465926/full |
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| author | Sheila Keay Famke Alberts Annette M. O’Connor Robert Friendship Terri O’Sullivan Zvonimir Poljak |
| author_facet | Sheila Keay Famke Alberts Annette M. O’Connor Robert Friendship Terri O’Sullivan Zvonimir Poljak |
| author_sort | Sheila Keay |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Previously, we systematically reviewed more than 20 years of influenza vaccine challenge trial research in pigs to answer the question, “does vaccinating sows protect offspring?” Overall, most studies were well designed but clinical heterogeneity made between-study comparisons challenging. Studies varied by samples, outcomes, and assays selected for measurement. Additionally, data essential for inclusion of findings in meta-analyses were often insufficiently reported and as a result, summary effect measures were either not derived or were not meaningful. Clinical heterogeneity and reporting issues complicate and limit what can be learned cumulatively from research and both represent two types of avoidable research waste. Here, we illustrate each concern using data collected tangentially during the systematic review and propose two corrective strategies, both of which have broad applicability across veterinary intervention research; (i) develop a Core Outcome Set (COS) to reduce unnecessary clinical heterogeneity in future research and (ii) encourage funders and journal editors to require submitted research protocols and manuscripts adhere to established reporting guidelines. As a reporting corollary, we developed a supplemental checklist specific to influenza vaccine challenge trial research in swine and propose that it is completed by researchers and included with all study protocol and manuscript submissions. The checklist serves two purposes: as a reminder of details essential to report for inclusion of findings in meta-analyses and sub-group meta-analyses (e.g., antigenic or genomic descriptions of influenza vaccine and challenge viruses), and as an aid to help synthesis researchers fully characterize and comprehensively include studies in reviews. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-57ac6bfdb41b44e2a068e3de80f6a199 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2297-1769 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-57ac6bfdb41b44e2a068e3de80f6a1992025-02-11T13:48:32ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692025-02-011210.3389/fvets.2025.14659261465926The case for development of a core outcome set (COS) and supplemental reporting guidelines for influenza vaccine challenge trial research in swineSheila Keay0Famke Alberts1Annette M. O’Connor2Robert Friendship3Terri O’Sullivan4Zvonimir Poljak5Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, CanadaDepartment of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, CanadaDepartment of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United StatesDepartment of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, CanadaDepartment of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, CanadaDepartment of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, CanadaPreviously, we systematically reviewed more than 20 years of influenza vaccine challenge trial research in pigs to answer the question, “does vaccinating sows protect offspring?” Overall, most studies were well designed but clinical heterogeneity made between-study comparisons challenging. Studies varied by samples, outcomes, and assays selected for measurement. Additionally, data essential for inclusion of findings in meta-analyses were often insufficiently reported and as a result, summary effect measures were either not derived or were not meaningful. Clinical heterogeneity and reporting issues complicate and limit what can be learned cumulatively from research and both represent two types of avoidable research waste. Here, we illustrate each concern using data collected tangentially during the systematic review and propose two corrective strategies, both of which have broad applicability across veterinary intervention research; (i) develop a Core Outcome Set (COS) to reduce unnecessary clinical heterogeneity in future research and (ii) encourage funders and journal editors to require submitted research protocols and manuscripts adhere to established reporting guidelines. As a reporting corollary, we developed a supplemental checklist specific to influenza vaccine challenge trial research in swine and propose that it is completed by researchers and included with all study protocol and manuscript submissions. The checklist serves two purposes: as a reminder of details essential to report for inclusion of findings in meta-analyses and sub-group meta-analyses (e.g., antigenic or genomic descriptions of influenza vaccine and challenge viruses), and as an aid to help synthesis researchers fully characterize and comprehensively include studies in reviews.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1465926/fullcore outcome set (COS)evidence-based medicine (MeSH)IAV-S vaccinereporting guideline adherenceswineresearch waste |
| spellingShingle | Sheila Keay Famke Alberts Annette M. O’Connor Robert Friendship Terri O’Sullivan Zvonimir Poljak The case for development of a core outcome set (COS) and supplemental reporting guidelines for influenza vaccine challenge trial research in swine Frontiers in Veterinary Science core outcome set (COS) evidence-based medicine (MeSH) IAV-S vaccine reporting guideline adherence swine research waste |
| title | The case for development of a core outcome set (COS) and supplemental reporting guidelines for influenza vaccine challenge trial research in swine |
| title_full | The case for development of a core outcome set (COS) and supplemental reporting guidelines for influenza vaccine challenge trial research in swine |
| title_fullStr | The case for development of a core outcome set (COS) and supplemental reporting guidelines for influenza vaccine challenge trial research in swine |
| title_full_unstemmed | The case for development of a core outcome set (COS) and supplemental reporting guidelines for influenza vaccine challenge trial research in swine |
| title_short | The case for development of a core outcome set (COS) and supplemental reporting guidelines for influenza vaccine challenge trial research in swine |
| title_sort | case for development of a core outcome set cos and supplemental reporting guidelines for influenza vaccine challenge trial research in swine |
| topic | core outcome set (COS) evidence-based medicine (MeSH) IAV-S vaccine reporting guideline adherence swine research waste |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1465926/full |
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