Comparison of diaphragmatic breathing exercises and incentive spirometry on the functional status of heart failure patients: a randomized controlled trial
Abstract Background Respiratory muscle weakness in heart failure (HF) can deteriorate its symptoms such as fatigue, dyspnea, and impaired functional status. Pulmonary rehabilitation can strengthen these muscles. This study aimed to determine the impact of breathing exercises on fatigue severity, dys...
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BMC
2025-01-01
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| Series: | BMC Cardiovascular Disorders |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-024-04464-z |
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| author | Amirhossein Nasirmoghadas Fateme Monjazebi Malihe Nasiri Aydin Feyzi Fariba Borhani |
| author_facet | Amirhossein Nasirmoghadas Fateme Monjazebi Malihe Nasiri Aydin Feyzi Fariba Borhani |
| author_sort | Amirhossein Nasirmoghadas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Respiratory muscle weakness in heart failure (HF) can deteriorate its symptoms such as fatigue, dyspnea, and impaired functional status. Pulmonary rehabilitation can strengthen these muscles. This study aimed to determine the impact of breathing exercises on fatigue severity, dyspnea, and functional classification in HF patients. Methods A three-arm single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted on 90 hospitalized HF patients in three 30-participant groups including diaphragmatic breathing group (DG), incentive spirometry group (SG), and control group (CG). The interventions were performed thrice daily for 10 days in DG and SG. The Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Borg dyspnea scale, and New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classification were used before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS-20 software. Results After the intervention, the patients’ frequency with severe fatigue decreased by 30% in both DG and SG (p < 0.001); the mean dyspnea score in DG and SG respectively reduced by 0.7 and 0.9 units at rest (p < 0.001) and reduced by 2.93 and 2.73 units during activity (p < 0.001); the total patients’ frequency in functional class III and IV was significantly decreased by 30% in DG and 33.3% in SG (p < 0.001). The intervention groups were not significantly different regarding fatigue severity, dyspnea, and functional classification. While in CG these outcomes had no significant reduction after the intervention. Conclusion In this study breathing exercises could reduce fatigue and dyspnea, and improve NYHA functional classification of HF patients which can be included in nursing care plans for respiratory rehabilitation in HF. Trial registration This study was prospectively registered by the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials ( https://irct.behdasht.gov.ir/ ) on 14/04/2024 with registration ID: IRCT20240306061197N. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-57a02ddb4da04bc5a6676190a77614b9 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1471-2261 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Cardiovascular Disorders |
| spelling | doaj-art-57a02ddb4da04bc5a6676190a77614b92025-01-12T12:07:15ZengBMCBMC Cardiovascular Disorders1471-22612025-01-0125111010.1186/s12872-024-04464-zComparison of diaphragmatic breathing exercises and incentive spirometry on the functional status of heart failure patients: a randomized controlled trialAmirhossein Nasirmoghadas0Fateme Monjazebi1Malihe Nasiri2Aydin Feyzi3Fariba Borhani4Student Research Committee, Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Pediatric Nursing and NICU, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesStudent Research Committee, Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesAbstract Background Respiratory muscle weakness in heart failure (HF) can deteriorate its symptoms such as fatigue, dyspnea, and impaired functional status. Pulmonary rehabilitation can strengthen these muscles. This study aimed to determine the impact of breathing exercises on fatigue severity, dyspnea, and functional classification in HF patients. Methods A three-arm single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted on 90 hospitalized HF patients in three 30-participant groups including diaphragmatic breathing group (DG), incentive spirometry group (SG), and control group (CG). The interventions were performed thrice daily for 10 days in DG and SG. The Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Borg dyspnea scale, and New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classification were used before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS-20 software. Results After the intervention, the patients’ frequency with severe fatigue decreased by 30% in both DG and SG (p < 0.001); the mean dyspnea score in DG and SG respectively reduced by 0.7 and 0.9 units at rest (p < 0.001) and reduced by 2.93 and 2.73 units during activity (p < 0.001); the total patients’ frequency in functional class III and IV was significantly decreased by 30% in DG and 33.3% in SG (p < 0.001). The intervention groups were not significantly different regarding fatigue severity, dyspnea, and functional classification. While in CG these outcomes had no significant reduction after the intervention. Conclusion In this study breathing exercises could reduce fatigue and dyspnea, and improve NYHA functional classification of HF patients which can be included in nursing care plans for respiratory rehabilitation in HF. Trial registration This study was prospectively registered by the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials ( https://irct.behdasht.gov.ir/ ) on 14/04/2024 with registration ID: IRCT20240306061197N.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-024-04464-zHeart failureBreathing exercisesFatigueDyspneaFunctional classification |
| spellingShingle | Amirhossein Nasirmoghadas Fateme Monjazebi Malihe Nasiri Aydin Feyzi Fariba Borhani Comparison of diaphragmatic breathing exercises and incentive spirometry on the functional status of heart failure patients: a randomized controlled trial BMC Cardiovascular Disorders Heart failure Breathing exercises Fatigue Dyspnea Functional classification |
| title | Comparison of diaphragmatic breathing exercises and incentive spirometry on the functional status of heart failure patients: a randomized controlled trial |
| title_full | Comparison of diaphragmatic breathing exercises and incentive spirometry on the functional status of heart failure patients: a randomized controlled trial |
| title_fullStr | Comparison of diaphragmatic breathing exercises and incentive spirometry on the functional status of heart failure patients: a randomized controlled trial |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparison of diaphragmatic breathing exercises and incentive spirometry on the functional status of heart failure patients: a randomized controlled trial |
| title_short | Comparison of diaphragmatic breathing exercises and incentive spirometry on the functional status of heart failure patients: a randomized controlled trial |
| title_sort | comparison of diaphragmatic breathing exercises and incentive spirometry on the functional status of heart failure patients a randomized controlled trial |
| topic | Heart failure Breathing exercises Fatigue Dyspnea Functional classification |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-024-04464-z |
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