Deep learning enabled liquid-based cytology model for cervical precancer and cancer detection

Abstract Deep learning (DL) enabled liquid-based cytology has potential for cervical cancer screening or triage. Here, we develop a DL model using whole cytology slides from 17,397 women and test it on 10,826 additional cases through a three-stage process. The DL model achieves robust performance ac...

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Main Authors: Peng Xue, Le Dang, Ling-Hua Kong, Hong-Ping Tang, Hai-Miao Xu, Hai-Yan Weng, Zhe Wang, Rong-Gan Wei, Lian Xu, Hong-Xia Li, Hai-Yan Niu, Ming-Juan Wang, Zi-Chen Ye, Zhi-Fang Li, Wen Chen, Qin-Jing Pan, Xun Zhang, Remila Rezhake, Li Zhang, Yu Jiang, You-Lin Qiao, Lan Zhu, Fang-Hui Zhao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58883-3
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Summary:Abstract Deep learning (DL) enabled liquid-based cytology has potential for cervical cancer screening or triage. Here, we develop a DL model using whole cytology slides from 17,397 women and test it on 10,826 additional cases through a three-stage process. The DL model achieves robust performance across nine hospitals. In a multi-reader, multi-case study, it outperforms cytopathologists’ sensitivity by 9%. Reading time significantly decreases with DL assistance (218s vs 30s; p < 0.0001). In community-based organized screening, the DL model’s sensitivity matches that of senior cytopathologists (0.878 vs 0.854; p > 0.999), yet it has reduced specificity (0.831 vs 0.901; p < 0.0001). Notably, hospital-based opportunistic screening shows that junior cytopathologists with DL assistance significantly improve both their sensitivity and specificity (0.857 vs 0.657, 0.840 vs 0.737; both p < 0.0001). When triaging human papillomavirus-positive cases, DL assistance exhibits better performance than junior cytopathologists alone. These findings support using the DL model as an assistance tool in cervical screening and case triage.
ISSN:2041-1723