Trends in co-administration of adult vaccinations in the US retail pharmacy setting

Background Evidence on trends in co-administration of vaccines among adults is limited. This study assessed monthly trends in co-administration of US Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended vaccines in the retail pharmacy setting and evaluated commonly co-administered vaccine...

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Main Authors: Neha Agrawal, Alon Yehoshua, Jeffrey T. Vietri, Tianyan Hu, Taryn Pond, Maria J. Tort, Jingyan Yang, Verna Welch, Constantina Boikos, Sen Deng, Hao Zheng, Anchita Goswami, Manvi Sharma, Reiko Sato
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Expert Review of Vaccines
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/14760584.2025.2514517
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Summary:Background Evidence on trends in co-administration of vaccines among adults is limited. This study assessed monthly trends in co-administration of US Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended vaccines in the retail pharmacy setting and evaluated commonly co-administered vaccine combinations.Research design and methods This retrospective study used Adheris Pharmacy Dataset, including adults aged ≥ 19 years who received ≥ 1 vaccine from August 2018 to December 2023. Co-administration was defined as administration of > 1 vaccine on same day. Numbers and proportions of co-administrations were assessed by month of administration and age group. Five most commonly co-administered combinations of vaccines were identified between August 2022 and December 2023.Results Out of 161,415,432 visits with ≥ 1 vaccine administration 16,164,321 (10.0%) visits involved co-administration. Monthly co-administrations showed an upward trend from August 2018 (75,449 [11.6%]) to December 2023 (470,959 [24.0%]), with a peak in October 2023 (2,103,903 [32.6%]). Co-administration was considerably higher between September and November across the years and age groups. Influenza and COVID-19 vaccines were most commonly co-administered combination.Conclusions Most vaccination visits (~90%) were associated with single administrations, with 10% co-administrations. An increase in vaccine co-administrations was noted in 2022 and 2023 for all age groups compared to those between 2018–2021.
ISSN:1476-0584
1744-8395