Reduction in tongue space/tongue volume ratio as a risk factor for oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma-an exploratory study
Background: The occurrence of tongue cancers in young adults with no associated habitual risk factors is emerging as a major health concern. The objective of the study was to investigate the role of low tongue space-tongue volume ratio as a risk factor for oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Method...
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| Format: | Article |
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Elsevier
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212426825000879 |
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| author | Mahija Janardhanan C.J Sandya Manu Raj Venkitachalam Ramanarayanan Rajalakshmi G Subramania Iyer K |
| author_facet | Mahija Janardhanan C.J Sandya Manu Raj Venkitachalam Ramanarayanan Rajalakshmi G Subramania Iyer K |
| author_sort | Mahija Janardhanan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: The occurrence of tongue cancers in young adults with no associated habitual risk factors is emerging as a major health concern. The objective of the study was to investigate the role of low tongue space-tongue volume ratio as a risk factor for oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: A case control study was conducted among histopathologically confirmed cases of squamous cell carcinoma of lateral border of the tongue who underwent treatment at the Department of Head & Neck Surgery (case group, n = 50). The patients with normal tongue referred for the evaluation of Magnetic Resonance Imaging of head region for other ailments formed the control group (n = 50). The space available for the tongue and the tongue volume of the study population were measured from the Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI), using in built software, and the mean Tongue space/Tongue volume ratio (TS/TV) of both the case group and the control group were calculated. A comparison of the TS/TV ratio was made between the test group and the control group using independent two sample t-test. The cut off value for TS/TV ratio between the groups was determined using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curve method and Odds ratio was calculated by grouping the study population as low or high TS/TV ratio group using the cut off value obtained. Results: A statistically significant variation was observed in the TS/TV ratio between tongue cancer patients and the normal controls with the mean value in normal controls higher than tongue cancer patients (p value = 0.009). The cut off value for TS/TV ratio for the development of tongue cancer was determined as 1.259 using ROC curve and the Odds ratio for malignant transformation in patients with low TS-TV ratio was calculated as 2.6. Conclusion: A significant difference in TS/TV ratio between cases & normal controls observed in our study indicated that a lack of available space for the tongue either due to increase in tongue volume or decrease in tongue space may predispose an individual for the development of tongue cancer. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-577ff3c3661c48409da6904c4388dfab |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2212-4268 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| series | Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-577ff3c3661c48409da6904c4388dfab2025-08-20T03:02:10ZengElsevierJournal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research2212-42682025-07-0115471872310.1016/j.jobcr.2025.04.002Reduction in tongue space/tongue volume ratio as a risk factor for oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma-an exploratory studyMahija Janardhanan0C.J Sandya1Manu Raj2Venkitachalam Ramanarayanan3Rajalakshmi G4Subramania Iyer K5Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita School of Dentistry, Kochi, Kerala, IndiaDepartment of Radiology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, IndiaDepartment of Health Sciences Research and Department of Pediatrics, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, IndiaDepartment of Public Health Dentistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita School of Dentistry, Kochi, Kerala, IndiaDepartment of Head & Neck Oncology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, IndiaDepartment of Head & Neck Oncology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India; Corresponding author.Background: The occurrence of tongue cancers in young adults with no associated habitual risk factors is emerging as a major health concern. The objective of the study was to investigate the role of low tongue space-tongue volume ratio as a risk factor for oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: A case control study was conducted among histopathologically confirmed cases of squamous cell carcinoma of lateral border of the tongue who underwent treatment at the Department of Head & Neck Surgery (case group, n = 50). The patients with normal tongue referred for the evaluation of Magnetic Resonance Imaging of head region for other ailments formed the control group (n = 50). The space available for the tongue and the tongue volume of the study population were measured from the Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI), using in built software, and the mean Tongue space/Tongue volume ratio (TS/TV) of both the case group and the control group were calculated. A comparison of the TS/TV ratio was made between the test group and the control group using independent two sample t-test. The cut off value for TS/TV ratio between the groups was determined using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curve method and Odds ratio was calculated by grouping the study population as low or high TS/TV ratio group using the cut off value obtained. Results: A statistically significant variation was observed in the TS/TV ratio between tongue cancer patients and the normal controls with the mean value in normal controls higher than tongue cancer patients (p value = 0.009). The cut off value for TS/TV ratio for the development of tongue cancer was determined as 1.259 using ROC curve and the Odds ratio for malignant transformation in patients with low TS-TV ratio was calculated as 2.6. Conclusion: A significant difference in TS/TV ratio between cases & normal controls observed in our study indicated that a lack of available space for the tongue either due to increase in tongue volume or decrease in tongue space may predispose an individual for the development of tongue cancer.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212426825000879Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC)Tongue cancerTongue spaceTongue volumeTongue space tongue volume ratioMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) |
| spellingShingle | Mahija Janardhanan C.J Sandya Manu Raj Venkitachalam Ramanarayanan Rajalakshmi G Subramania Iyer K Reduction in tongue space/tongue volume ratio as a risk factor for oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma-an exploratory study Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) Tongue cancer Tongue space Tongue volume Tongue space tongue volume ratio Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) |
| title | Reduction in tongue space/tongue volume ratio as a risk factor for oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma-an exploratory study |
| title_full | Reduction in tongue space/tongue volume ratio as a risk factor for oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma-an exploratory study |
| title_fullStr | Reduction in tongue space/tongue volume ratio as a risk factor for oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma-an exploratory study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Reduction in tongue space/tongue volume ratio as a risk factor for oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma-an exploratory study |
| title_short | Reduction in tongue space/tongue volume ratio as a risk factor for oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma-an exploratory study |
| title_sort | reduction in tongue space tongue volume ratio as a risk factor for oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma an exploratory study |
| topic | Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) Tongue cancer Tongue space Tongue volume Tongue space tongue volume ratio Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212426825000879 |
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