Enhancement of Skin Anti-Wrinkling Effects of <i>Arthrospira maxima</i> Phycocynobilin by Combining with Wheat Bran Extract
Despite the many beneficial effects of phycocyanobilin (PCB) on human skin, its cosmetic applications have not been extensively investigated owing to its light and temperature sensitivity. This is the first report of PCB extract (SP) derived from marine <i>Arthrospira maxima</i> having s...
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MDPI AG
2024-11-01
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| author | Eun-Jeong Koh Taeho Kim Yong-Kyun Ryu Won-Kyu Lee In-Yung Sunwoo Hyang Seon Ro Gibeom Jeon Gyu Rae Kim Hyeon Yong Lee Woon-Yong Choi |
| author_facet | Eun-Jeong Koh Taeho Kim Yong-Kyun Ryu Won-Kyu Lee In-Yung Sunwoo Hyang Seon Ro Gibeom Jeon Gyu Rae Kim Hyeon Yong Lee Woon-Yong Choi |
| author_sort | Eun-Jeong Koh |
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| description | Despite the many beneficial effects of phycocyanobilin (PCB) on human skin, its cosmetic applications have not been extensively investigated owing to its light and temperature sensitivity. This is the first report of PCB extract (SP) derived from marine <i>Arthrospira maxima</i> having skin anti-wrinkling effects associated with antioxidant efficacy and reduction of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. We obtained 46.63 ± 1.72 mg PCB/g dry weight of <i>A. maxima</i> in SP through an ethanol extraction process. PCB extracts showed strong effects in increasing collagen synthesis and decreasing matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1) production. Interestingly, skin anti-wrinkling effects of the PCB extracts were significantly increased by the addition of wheat bran extracts (WB), up to 20–30% of the effects of PCB at all concentrations, possibly due to the synergistic effects of soluble globulins and other active substances in WB. Moreover, the mixture of SP and WB (SPWB) greatly reduced cell cytotoxicity to approximately 15% of that of PCB. SPWB upregulated and downregulated the expression of collagen type I α1 (Col1A1) and MMP-1, respectively, although the downregulation of MMP-1 was higher than that of Col1A1. The optimal SPWB concentration for maintaining the highest skin anti-wrinkling effects was 0.5 mg/mL. We show that SPWB holds promise as a vegan cosmaceutical. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
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| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-577e4f35ec024a4199b571d44e4d1d842025-08-20T02:26:58ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172024-11-0114221021610.3390/app142210216Enhancement of Skin Anti-Wrinkling Effects of <i>Arthrospira maxima</i> Phycocynobilin by Combining with Wheat Bran ExtractEun-Jeong Koh0Taeho Kim1Yong-Kyun Ryu2Won-Kyu Lee3In-Yung Sunwoo4Hyang Seon Ro5Gibeom Jeon6Gyu Rae Kim7Hyeon Yong Lee8Woon-Yong Choi9Jeju Bio Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Jeju 63349, Republic of KoreaJeju Bio Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Jeju 63349, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Marine Technology & Convergence Engineering (Marine Biotechnology), University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of KoreaJeju Bio Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Jeju 63349, Republic of KoreaJeju Bio Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Jeju 63349, Republic of KoreaR&D Center, NOWCOS, Ltd., A-1004 BYC Highcity, Gasandigital 1, Seoul 08506, Republic of KoreaR&DB Center, Beautyence Corp., 220 Gasangil, Sejong 30003, Republic of KoreaR&DB Center, Beautyence Corp., 220 Gasangil, Sejong 30003, Republic of KoreaR&DB Center, Beautyence Corp., 220 Gasangil, Sejong 30003, Republic of KoreaJeju Bio Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Jeju 63349, Republic of KoreaDespite the many beneficial effects of phycocyanobilin (PCB) on human skin, its cosmetic applications have not been extensively investigated owing to its light and temperature sensitivity. This is the first report of PCB extract (SP) derived from marine <i>Arthrospira maxima</i> having skin anti-wrinkling effects associated with antioxidant efficacy and reduction of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. We obtained 46.63 ± 1.72 mg PCB/g dry weight of <i>A. maxima</i> in SP through an ethanol extraction process. PCB extracts showed strong effects in increasing collagen synthesis and decreasing matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1) production. Interestingly, skin anti-wrinkling effects of the PCB extracts were significantly increased by the addition of wheat bran extracts (WB), up to 20–30% of the effects of PCB at all concentrations, possibly due to the synergistic effects of soluble globulins and other active substances in WB. Moreover, the mixture of SP and WB (SPWB) greatly reduced cell cytotoxicity to approximately 15% of that of PCB. SPWB upregulated and downregulated the expression of collagen type I α1 (Col1A1) and MMP-1, respectively, although the downregulation of MMP-1 was higher than that of Col1A1. The optimal SPWB concentration for maintaining the highest skin anti-wrinkling effects was 0.5 mg/mL. We show that SPWB holds promise as a vegan cosmaceutical.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/22/10216<i>Arthrospira maxima</i>wheat bran extracts (WB)phycocyanobilin (PCB)Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1)collagen type I α1 (Col1A1)skin anti-wrinkling |
| spellingShingle | Eun-Jeong Koh Taeho Kim Yong-Kyun Ryu Won-Kyu Lee In-Yung Sunwoo Hyang Seon Ro Gibeom Jeon Gyu Rae Kim Hyeon Yong Lee Woon-Yong Choi Enhancement of Skin Anti-Wrinkling Effects of <i>Arthrospira maxima</i> Phycocynobilin by Combining with Wheat Bran Extract Applied Sciences <i>Arthrospira maxima</i> wheat bran extracts (WB) phycocyanobilin (PCB) Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1) collagen type I α1 (Col1A1) skin anti-wrinkling |
| title | Enhancement of Skin Anti-Wrinkling Effects of <i>Arthrospira maxima</i> Phycocynobilin by Combining with Wheat Bran Extract |
| title_full | Enhancement of Skin Anti-Wrinkling Effects of <i>Arthrospira maxima</i> Phycocynobilin by Combining with Wheat Bran Extract |
| title_fullStr | Enhancement of Skin Anti-Wrinkling Effects of <i>Arthrospira maxima</i> Phycocynobilin by Combining with Wheat Bran Extract |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enhancement of Skin Anti-Wrinkling Effects of <i>Arthrospira maxima</i> Phycocynobilin by Combining with Wheat Bran Extract |
| title_short | Enhancement of Skin Anti-Wrinkling Effects of <i>Arthrospira maxima</i> Phycocynobilin by Combining with Wheat Bran Extract |
| title_sort | enhancement of skin anti wrinkling effects of i arthrospira maxima i phycocynobilin by combining with wheat bran extract |
| topic | <i>Arthrospira maxima</i> wheat bran extracts (WB) phycocyanobilin (PCB) Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1) collagen type I α1 (Col1A1) skin anti-wrinkling |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/22/10216 |
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