Targeting microRNA-dependent control of X chromosome inactivation improves the Rett Syndrome phenotype

Abstract X chromosome inactivation (XCI) is induced by Xist long non-coding RNA and protein-coding genes. However, the role of small non-coding RNA function in XCI remains unidentified. Our genome-wide, loss-of-function CRISPR/Cas9 screen in female fibroblasts identified microRNAs (miRNAs) as regula...

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Main Authors: Song Lou, Rachisan DJiake Tihagam, Urszula N. Wasko, Zaffar Equbal, Sanjay Venkatesan, Klaudia Braczyk, Piotr Przanowski, Bon Il Koo, Ilyas Saltani, Arjun Tushir Singh, Shibi Likhite, Samantha Powers, George M. P. R. Souza, Robert A. Maxwell, Jun Yu, Lihua J. Zhu, Mark Beenhakker, Stephen B. G. Abbott, Zhipeng Lu, Michael R. Green, Kathrin C. Meyer, Jogender Tushir-Singh, Sanchita Bhatnagar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61092-7
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author Song Lou
Rachisan DJiake Tihagam
Urszula N. Wasko
Zaffar Equbal
Sanjay Venkatesan
Klaudia Braczyk
Piotr Przanowski
Bon Il Koo
Ilyas Saltani
Arjun Tushir Singh
Shibi Likhite
Samantha Powers
George M. P. R. Souza
Robert A. Maxwell
Jun Yu
Lihua J. Zhu
Mark Beenhakker
Stephen B. G. Abbott
Zhipeng Lu
Michael R. Green
Kathrin C. Meyer
Jogender Tushir-Singh
Sanchita Bhatnagar
author_facet Song Lou
Rachisan DJiake Tihagam
Urszula N. Wasko
Zaffar Equbal
Sanjay Venkatesan
Klaudia Braczyk
Piotr Przanowski
Bon Il Koo
Ilyas Saltani
Arjun Tushir Singh
Shibi Likhite
Samantha Powers
George M. P. R. Souza
Robert A. Maxwell
Jun Yu
Lihua J. Zhu
Mark Beenhakker
Stephen B. G. Abbott
Zhipeng Lu
Michael R. Green
Kathrin C. Meyer
Jogender Tushir-Singh
Sanchita Bhatnagar
author_sort Song Lou
collection DOAJ
description Abstract X chromosome inactivation (XCI) is induced by Xist long non-coding RNA and protein-coding genes. However, the role of small non-coding RNA function in XCI remains unidentified. Our genome-wide, loss-of-function CRISPR/Cas9 screen in female fibroblasts identified microRNAs (miRNAs) as regulators of XCI. A striking finding is the identification of miR106a among the top candidates from the screen. Loss of miR106a is accompanied by altered Xist interactome, leading to dissociation and destabilization of Xist. XCI interference via miR106a inhibition has therapeutic implications for Rett syndrome (RTT) girls with a defective X-linked MECP2 gene. Here, we discovered that the inhibition of miR106a significantly improves several facets of RTT pathology: it increases the life span, enhances locomotor activity and exploratory behavior, and diminishes breathing variabilities. Our results suggest that miR106a targeting offers a feasible therapeutic strategy for RTT and other monogenic X-linked neurodevelopmental disorders.
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spelling doaj-art-576835bb226247d19a259f1d47e4fa382025-08-20T03:03:37ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-07-0116111710.1038/s41467-025-61092-7Targeting microRNA-dependent control of X chromosome inactivation improves the Rett Syndrome phenotypeSong Lou0Rachisan DJiake Tihagam1Urszula N. Wasko2Zaffar Equbal3Sanjay Venkatesan4Klaudia Braczyk5Piotr Przanowski6Bon Il Koo7Ilyas Saltani8Arjun Tushir Singh9Shibi Likhite10Samantha Powers11George M. P. R. Souza12Robert A. Maxwell13Jun Yu14Lihua J. Zhu15Mark Beenhakker16Stephen B. G. Abbott17Zhipeng Lu18Michael R. Green19Kathrin C. Meyer20Jogender Tushir-Singh21Sanchita Bhatnagar22Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis School of MedicineDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis School of MedicineDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of MedicineDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of MedicineDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of MedicineDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis School of MedicineDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of MedicineDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis School of MedicineDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of MedicineDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis School of MedicineCenter for Gene Therapy, Nationwide Children’s HospitalCenter for Gene Therapy, Nationwide Children’s HospitalDepartment of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of MedicineThe Vincent J. Coates Proteomics/Mass Spectrometry Core Laboratory, University of CaliforniaDepartment of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolDepartment of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolDepartment of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of MedicineDepartment of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of MedicineUniversity of Southern California Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, USC Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell ResearchDepartment of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolCenter for Gene Therapy, Nationwide Children’s HospitalDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis School of MedicineDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis School of MedicineAbstract X chromosome inactivation (XCI) is induced by Xist long non-coding RNA and protein-coding genes. However, the role of small non-coding RNA function in XCI remains unidentified. Our genome-wide, loss-of-function CRISPR/Cas9 screen in female fibroblasts identified microRNAs (miRNAs) as regulators of XCI. A striking finding is the identification of miR106a among the top candidates from the screen. Loss of miR106a is accompanied by altered Xist interactome, leading to dissociation and destabilization of Xist. XCI interference via miR106a inhibition has therapeutic implications for Rett syndrome (RTT) girls with a defective X-linked MECP2 gene. Here, we discovered that the inhibition of miR106a significantly improves several facets of RTT pathology: it increases the life span, enhances locomotor activity and exploratory behavior, and diminishes breathing variabilities. Our results suggest that miR106a targeting offers a feasible therapeutic strategy for RTT and other monogenic X-linked neurodevelopmental disorders.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61092-7
spellingShingle Song Lou
Rachisan DJiake Tihagam
Urszula N. Wasko
Zaffar Equbal
Sanjay Venkatesan
Klaudia Braczyk
Piotr Przanowski
Bon Il Koo
Ilyas Saltani
Arjun Tushir Singh
Shibi Likhite
Samantha Powers
George M. P. R. Souza
Robert A. Maxwell
Jun Yu
Lihua J. Zhu
Mark Beenhakker
Stephen B. G. Abbott
Zhipeng Lu
Michael R. Green
Kathrin C. Meyer
Jogender Tushir-Singh
Sanchita Bhatnagar
Targeting microRNA-dependent control of X chromosome inactivation improves the Rett Syndrome phenotype
Nature Communications
title Targeting microRNA-dependent control of X chromosome inactivation improves the Rett Syndrome phenotype
title_full Targeting microRNA-dependent control of X chromosome inactivation improves the Rett Syndrome phenotype
title_fullStr Targeting microRNA-dependent control of X chromosome inactivation improves the Rett Syndrome phenotype
title_full_unstemmed Targeting microRNA-dependent control of X chromosome inactivation improves the Rett Syndrome phenotype
title_short Targeting microRNA-dependent control of X chromosome inactivation improves the Rett Syndrome phenotype
title_sort targeting microrna dependent control of x chromosome inactivation improves the rett syndrome phenotype
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61092-7
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