Insights into the pharmaceutical properties of green fabricated Iron oxide nanoparticles
Abstract Researchers have recently grown interested in utilizing plant extracts as effective reducing agents for the eco-friendly synthesis of nanoparticles. The present investigation involved the preparation of Iraqi onion extract (Allium cepa), which was further utilized as a reducing agent for th...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-07-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09327-x |
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| author | H. N. K. AL-Salman Qutaiba A. Qasim Basil A. Abbas Adel J. Hussein Falah Hassan Shari Majid S. Jabir Mansour K. Gatasheh Ammar AL-Farga Hayder Adnan Fawzi |
| author_facet | H. N. K. AL-Salman Qutaiba A. Qasim Basil A. Abbas Adel J. Hussein Falah Hassan Shari Majid S. Jabir Mansour K. Gatasheh Ammar AL-Farga Hayder Adnan Fawzi |
| author_sort | H. N. K. AL-Salman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Researchers have recently grown interested in utilizing plant extracts as effective reducing agents for the eco-friendly synthesis of nanoparticles. The present investigation involved the preparation of Iraqi onion extract (Allium cepa), which was further utilized as a reducing agent for the biosynthesis of Fe3O4-nanoparticles (NPs). Characterization of nanoparticles was conducted using UV-visible spectroscopy, TEM, XRD, FT-IR, FESEM, and EDS analyses. The in vitro cytotoxicity was assessed in MDCK-SIAT cells utilizing the MTT assay, while the antiviral efficacy was examined with the neuraminidase assay kit MAK12. Antibacterial efficacy was examined against S. aureus and E. coli utilizing a disk-diffusion methodology. The DPPH assay was employed to evaluate antioxidant activity. The impact of A. cepa extract and Fe3O4-NPs on phagocytic cell activity was evaluated. Our findings demonstrated the production of solid, crystalline, semi-spherical Fe3O4 measuring 36 ± 1.23 nm, exhibiting significant antibacterial, antiviral, and antioxidant properties. A. cepa extract and Fe3O4-NPs can augment the phagocytic activity of phagocytic cells by elevating the formation of reactive oxygen species. In conclusion, Onion peel extract is a superior option for synthesizing Fe3O4-NPs, which may be employed in many therapeutic applications in the future. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-574cff91d5eb427e80795441a63f6e29 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
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| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-574cff91d5eb427e80795441a63f6e292025-08-20T04:02:46ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111510.1038/s41598-025-09327-xInsights into the pharmaceutical properties of green fabricated Iron oxide nanoparticlesH. N. K. AL-Salman0Qutaiba A. Qasim1Basil A. Abbas2Adel J. Hussein3Falah Hassan Shari4Majid S. Jabir5Mansour K. Gatasheh6Ammar AL-Farga7Hayder Adnan Fawzi8Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of BasrahCollege of Pharmacy, Al-Ayen UniversityDepartment of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of BasrahDepartment of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of BasrahDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of BasrahDepartment of Applied Sciences, University of TechnologyDepartment of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud UniversityState Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan UniversityDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, AlMustafa UniversityAbstract Researchers have recently grown interested in utilizing plant extracts as effective reducing agents for the eco-friendly synthesis of nanoparticles. The present investigation involved the preparation of Iraqi onion extract (Allium cepa), which was further utilized as a reducing agent for the biosynthesis of Fe3O4-nanoparticles (NPs). Characterization of nanoparticles was conducted using UV-visible spectroscopy, TEM, XRD, FT-IR, FESEM, and EDS analyses. The in vitro cytotoxicity was assessed in MDCK-SIAT cells utilizing the MTT assay, while the antiviral efficacy was examined with the neuraminidase assay kit MAK12. Antibacterial efficacy was examined against S. aureus and E. coli utilizing a disk-diffusion methodology. The DPPH assay was employed to evaluate antioxidant activity. The impact of A. cepa extract and Fe3O4-NPs on phagocytic cell activity was evaluated. Our findings demonstrated the production of solid, crystalline, semi-spherical Fe3O4 measuring 36 ± 1.23 nm, exhibiting significant antibacterial, antiviral, and antioxidant properties. A. cepa extract and Fe3O4-NPs can augment the phagocytic activity of phagocytic cells by elevating the formation of reactive oxygen species. In conclusion, Onion peel extract is a superior option for synthesizing Fe3O4-NPs, which may be employed in many therapeutic applications in the future.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09327-xOnion peel extractIron oxide nanoparticlesBactericidalAntioxidantPhagocytosisGreen synthesis |
| spellingShingle | H. N. K. AL-Salman Qutaiba A. Qasim Basil A. Abbas Adel J. Hussein Falah Hassan Shari Majid S. Jabir Mansour K. Gatasheh Ammar AL-Farga Hayder Adnan Fawzi Insights into the pharmaceutical properties of green fabricated Iron oxide nanoparticles Scientific Reports Onion peel extract Iron oxide nanoparticles Bactericidal Antioxidant Phagocytosis Green synthesis |
| title | Insights into the pharmaceutical properties of green fabricated Iron oxide nanoparticles |
| title_full | Insights into the pharmaceutical properties of green fabricated Iron oxide nanoparticles |
| title_fullStr | Insights into the pharmaceutical properties of green fabricated Iron oxide nanoparticles |
| title_full_unstemmed | Insights into the pharmaceutical properties of green fabricated Iron oxide nanoparticles |
| title_short | Insights into the pharmaceutical properties of green fabricated Iron oxide nanoparticles |
| title_sort | insights into the pharmaceutical properties of green fabricated iron oxide nanoparticles |
| topic | Onion peel extract Iron oxide nanoparticles Bactericidal Antioxidant Phagocytosis Green synthesis |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09327-x |
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