Influence of lemongrass and oregano essential oils and their combination on in vitro ruminal fermentation and greenhouse gas emissions in total mixed ration for dairy cows
Ruminants play a crucial role in the food chain, but are also considered contributors of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions . Essential oils (EOs) are emerging as natural feed additives in ruminants’ nutrition to enhance animal health, performance and reduce environmental footprint. Among EOs, lemongras...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Taylor & Francis Group
2025-12-01
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| Series: | Italian Journal of Animal Science |
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| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1828051X.2025.2450509 |
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| author | Sara Glorio Patrucco Alessandro Lotto Martina Dorigo Rita Fornaciari Antonio Sagliano Nicola Martinelli Alessandra Cosani Khalil Abid Salvatore Barbera Hatsumi Kaihara Sonia Tassone |
| author_facet | Sara Glorio Patrucco Alessandro Lotto Martina Dorigo Rita Fornaciari Antonio Sagliano Nicola Martinelli Alessandra Cosani Khalil Abid Salvatore Barbera Hatsumi Kaihara Sonia Tassone |
| author_sort | Sara Glorio Patrucco |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ruminants play a crucial role in the food chain, but are also considered contributors of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions . Essential oils (EOs) are emerging as natural feed additives in ruminants’ nutrition to enhance animal health, performance and reduce environmental footprint. Among EOs, lemongrass (Cymbopogon winterianus) and oregano (Origanum vulgare) EOs (LEO and OEO) have attracted attention as modulators of ruminal fermentations, but their role needs to be clarified. The experiment was designed using a randomised setup to assess the effects of LEO and OEO on in vitro ruminal fermentation and GHGs, using total mixed ration (TMR) as substrate (incubation time 24h). Experimental treatments included (doses as % of TMR on DM basis): 1) control only TMR (0% EOs) 2) 0.07% LEO 3) 0.07% OEO 4) 0.035% LEO + 0.035% OEO 5) 0.07% LEO + 0.07% OEO. Each treatment was repeated three times in two experimental runs. Only EO combinations reduced total gas (−9%, p=0.001). All EOs decreased CO2 emissions by −5 to −12% with no significant differences between treatments (p<0.001), although anti-methanogenic effects were not observed (p=0.192). Volatile fatty acids were slightly affected only by EOs blend at the highest dose, resulting in a reduction of propionate (−1.3%, p=0.02), an increase in acetate:propionate (+0.16%, p=0.04) and isovalerate (+0.7%, p=0.03). LEO reduced pH (−0.6%, p=0.004), while OEO increased oxidation capacity (+4.2%, p=0.004), but both parameters remained within physiological ranges. Canonical discriminant analysis confirmed distinct EOs effects, highlighting their potential as natural additives for improving ruminal fermentation and mitigating ruminant environmental footprint. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-573fa2d17b4045b8924319dda7a2e4b3 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1594-4077 1828-051X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Italian Journal of Animal Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-573fa2d17b4045b8924319dda7a2e4b32025-01-20T14:37:59ZengTaylor & Francis GroupItalian Journal of Animal Science1594-40771828-051X2025-12-0124126628010.1080/1828051X.2025.24505092450509Influence of lemongrass and oregano essential oils and their combination on in vitro ruminal fermentation and greenhouse gas emissions in total mixed ration for dairy cowsSara Glorio Patrucco0Alessandro Lotto1Martina Dorigo2Rita Fornaciari3Antonio Sagliano4Nicola Martinelli5Alessandra Cosani6Khalil Abid7Salvatore Barbera8Hatsumi Kaihara9Sonia Tassone10Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari (DISAFA), Università di TorinoNutristar S.p.ANutristar S.p.ANutristar S.p.ANutristar S.p.ANutristar S.p.ANutristar S.p.ADipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari (DISAFA), Università di TorinoDipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari (DISAFA), Università di TorinoDipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari (DISAFA), Università di TorinoDipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari (DISAFA), Università di TorinoRuminants play a crucial role in the food chain, but are also considered contributors of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions . Essential oils (EOs) are emerging as natural feed additives in ruminants’ nutrition to enhance animal health, performance and reduce environmental footprint. Among EOs, lemongrass (Cymbopogon winterianus) and oregano (Origanum vulgare) EOs (LEO and OEO) have attracted attention as modulators of ruminal fermentations, but their role needs to be clarified. The experiment was designed using a randomised setup to assess the effects of LEO and OEO on in vitro ruminal fermentation and GHGs, using total mixed ration (TMR) as substrate (incubation time 24h). Experimental treatments included (doses as % of TMR on DM basis): 1) control only TMR (0% EOs) 2) 0.07% LEO 3) 0.07% OEO 4) 0.035% LEO + 0.035% OEO 5) 0.07% LEO + 0.07% OEO. Each treatment was repeated three times in two experimental runs. Only EO combinations reduced total gas (−9%, p=0.001). All EOs decreased CO2 emissions by −5 to −12% with no significant differences between treatments (p<0.001), although anti-methanogenic effects were not observed (p=0.192). Volatile fatty acids were slightly affected only by EOs blend at the highest dose, resulting in a reduction of propionate (−1.3%, p=0.02), an increase in acetate:propionate (+0.16%, p=0.04) and isovalerate (+0.7%, p=0.03). LEO reduced pH (−0.6%, p=0.004), while OEO increased oxidation capacity (+4.2%, p=0.004), but both parameters remained within physiological ranges. Canonical discriminant analysis confirmed distinct EOs effects, highlighting their potential as natural additives for improving ruminal fermentation and mitigating ruminant environmental footprint.http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1828051X.2025.2450509lemongrass and oregano essential oilsin vitro ruminal fermentationgreenhouse gas emissionsmethanecarbon dioxide |
| spellingShingle | Sara Glorio Patrucco Alessandro Lotto Martina Dorigo Rita Fornaciari Antonio Sagliano Nicola Martinelli Alessandra Cosani Khalil Abid Salvatore Barbera Hatsumi Kaihara Sonia Tassone Influence of lemongrass and oregano essential oils and their combination on in vitro ruminal fermentation and greenhouse gas emissions in total mixed ration for dairy cows Italian Journal of Animal Science lemongrass and oregano essential oils in vitro ruminal fermentation greenhouse gas emissions methane carbon dioxide |
| title | Influence of lemongrass and oregano essential oils and their combination on in vitro ruminal fermentation and greenhouse gas emissions in total mixed ration for dairy cows |
| title_full | Influence of lemongrass and oregano essential oils and their combination on in vitro ruminal fermentation and greenhouse gas emissions in total mixed ration for dairy cows |
| title_fullStr | Influence of lemongrass and oregano essential oils and their combination on in vitro ruminal fermentation and greenhouse gas emissions in total mixed ration for dairy cows |
| title_full_unstemmed | Influence of lemongrass and oregano essential oils and their combination on in vitro ruminal fermentation and greenhouse gas emissions in total mixed ration for dairy cows |
| title_short | Influence of lemongrass and oregano essential oils and their combination on in vitro ruminal fermentation and greenhouse gas emissions in total mixed ration for dairy cows |
| title_sort | influence of lemongrass and oregano essential oils and their combination on in vitro ruminal fermentation and greenhouse gas emissions in total mixed ration for dairy cows |
| topic | lemongrass and oregano essential oils in vitro ruminal fermentation greenhouse gas emissions methane carbon dioxide |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1828051X.2025.2450509 |
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