Large Energy Q-Switched Fiber Laser With Black Phosphorus Saturable Absorber Fabricated by Sol−Gel Technique

Black phosphorus (BP) has attracted extensive attention due to its unique optical and electrical properties. However, BP is easily oxidized in the air, which significantly limits its application. In this study, BP is successful doped into sol-gel glass, it shows excellent chemical stability in atmos...

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Main Authors: Zhendong Chen, Tianyu Liu, Duo Pan, Yonggang Wang, Yajun Li, Jianjun Wu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2023-01-01
Series:IEEE Photonics Journal
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10269705/
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author Zhendong Chen
Tianyu Liu
Duo Pan
Yonggang Wang
Yajun Li
Jianjun Wu
author_facet Zhendong Chen
Tianyu Liu
Duo Pan
Yonggang Wang
Yajun Li
Jianjun Wu
author_sort Zhendong Chen
collection DOAJ
description Black phosphorus (BP) has attracted extensive attention due to its unique optical and electrical properties. However, BP is easily oxidized in the air, which significantly limits its application. In this study, BP is successful doped into sol-gel glass, it shows excellent chemical stability in atmospheric environment for five months. In addition, as a kind of inorganic matrix, optical damage threshold of BP-doped sol-gel glass reaches as high as 51.69 GW&#x002F;cm<sup>2</sup>, which is six times higher than that of plastic polymer. Saturable absorption parameters of the BP are maintained after five months in the air. The BP-doped sol-gel glass is inserted into erbium-doped fiber (EDF) laser to realize passively Q-switched and mode locked operation. Compared to most Q-switched EDF lasers based on broadband absorbers, the single pulse energy is one of the highest values (315.99 nJ). Overall, these data evidently provide a practical solution to stabilize BP in the air by embedding it in the silica, and also open the way for extensive applications of BP.
format Article
id doaj-art-572f162ab5ec4ef5927dc9e8e9606130
institution Kabale University
issn 1943-0655
language English
publishDate 2023-01-01
publisher IEEE
record_format Article
series IEEE Photonics Journal
spelling doaj-art-572f162ab5ec4ef5927dc9e8e96061302025-08-20T03:32:46ZengIEEEIEEE Photonics Journal1943-06552023-01-011561510.1109/JPHOT.2023.332163810269705Large Energy Q-Switched Fiber Laser With Black Phosphorus Saturable Absorber Fabricated by Sol&#x2212;Gel TechniqueZhendong Chen0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2049-3004Tianyu Liu1https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6118-1891Duo Pan2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7794-8922Yonggang Wang3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6410-8016Yajun Li4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5564-2364Jianjun Wu5https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3002-7884School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, ChinaSchool of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, ChinaSchool of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, ChinaSchool of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi&#x0027;an, ChinaEngineering Research Center of Integrated Circuit Packaging and Testing, Ministry of Education, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui, ChinaSchool of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, ChinaBlack phosphorus (BP) has attracted extensive attention due to its unique optical and electrical properties. However, BP is easily oxidized in the air, which significantly limits its application. In this study, BP is successful doped into sol-gel glass, it shows excellent chemical stability in atmospheric environment for five months. In addition, as a kind of inorganic matrix, optical damage threshold of BP-doped sol-gel glass reaches as high as 51.69 GW&#x002F;cm<sup>2</sup>, which is six times higher than that of plastic polymer. Saturable absorption parameters of the BP are maintained after five months in the air. The BP-doped sol-gel glass is inserted into erbium-doped fiber (EDF) laser to realize passively Q-switched and mode locked operation. Compared to most Q-switched EDF lasers based on broadband absorbers, the single pulse energy is one of the highest values (315.99 nJ). Overall, these data evidently provide a practical solution to stabilize BP in the air by embedding it in the silica, and also open the way for extensive applications of BP.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10269705/Black phosphorussol−gel techniqueerbium-doped fibersaturable absorber
spellingShingle Zhendong Chen
Tianyu Liu
Duo Pan
Yonggang Wang
Yajun Li
Jianjun Wu
Large Energy Q-Switched Fiber Laser With Black Phosphorus Saturable Absorber Fabricated by Sol&#x2212;Gel Technique
IEEE Photonics Journal
Black phosphorus
sol−gel technique
erbium-doped fiber
saturable absorber
title Large Energy Q-Switched Fiber Laser With Black Phosphorus Saturable Absorber Fabricated by Sol&#x2212;Gel Technique
title_full Large Energy Q-Switched Fiber Laser With Black Phosphorus Saturable Absorber Fabricated by Sol&#x2212;Gel Technique
title_fullStr Large Energy Q-Switched Fiber Laser With Black Phosphorus Saturable Absorber Fabricated by Sol&#x2212;Gel Technique
title_full_unstemmed Large Energy Q-Switched Fiber Laser With Black Phosphorus Saturable Absorber Fabricated by Sol&#x2212;Gel Technique
title_short Large Energy Q-Switched Fiber Laser With Black Phosphorus Saturable Absorber Fabricated by Sol&#x2212;Gel Technique
title_sort large energy q switched fiber laser with black phosphorus saturable absorber fabricated by sol x2212 gel technique
topic Black phosphorus
sol−gel technique
erbium-doped fiber
saturable absorber
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10269705/
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AT duopan largeenergyqswitchedfiberlaserwithblackphosphorussaturableabsorberfabricatedbysolx2212geltechnique
AT yonggangwang largeenergyqswitchedfiberlaserwithblackphosphorussaturableabsorberfabricatedbysolx2212geltechnique
AT yajunli largeenergyqswitchedfiberlaserwithblackphosphorussaturableabsorberfabricatedbysolx2212geltechnique
AT jianjunwu largeenergyqswitchedfiberlaserwithblackphosphorussaturableabsorberfabricatedbysolx2212geltechnique