A Population of Dipper Stars from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite Mission

Dipper stars are a classification of young stellar objects that exhibit dimming variability in their light curves, dropping in brightness by 10%–50%, likely induced by occultations due to circumstellar disk material. This variability can be periodic, quasiperiodic, or aperiodic. Dipper stars have be...

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Main Authors: Benjamin K. Capistrant, Melinda Soares-Furtado, Andrew Vanderburg, Marina Kounkel, Saul A. Rappaport, Mark Omohundro, Brian P. Powell, Robert Gagliano, Thomas Jacobs, Veselin B. Kostov, Martti H. Kristiansen, Daryll M. LaCourse, Allan R. Schmitt, Hans Martin Schwengeler, Ivan A. Terentev
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Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2022-01-01
Series:The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ac9125
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author Benjamin K. Capistrant
Melinda Soares-Furtado
Andrew Vanderburg
Marina Kounkel
Saul A. Rappaport
Mark Omohundro
Brian P. Powell
Robert Gagliano
Thomas Jacobs
Veselin B. Kostov
Martti H. Kristiansen
Daryll M. LaCourse
Allan R. Schmitt
Hans Martin Schwengeler
Ivan A. Terentev
author_facet Benjamin K. Capistrant
Melinda Soares-Furtado
Andrew Vanderburg
Marina Kounkel
Saul A. Rappaport
Mark Omohundro
Brian P. Powell
Robert Gagliano
Thomas Jacobs
Veselin B. Kostov
Martti H. Kristiansen
Daryll M. LaCourse
Allan R. Schmitt
Hans Martin Schwengeler
Ivan A. Terentev
author_sort Benjamin K. Capistrant
collection DOAJ
description Dipper stars are a classification of young stellar objects that exhibit dimming variability in their light curves, dropping in brightness by 10%–50%, likely induced by occultations due to circumstellar disk material. This variability can be periodic, quasiperiodic, or aperiodic. Dipper stars have been discovered in young stellar associations via ground-based and space-based photometric surveys. We present the detection and characterization of the largest collection of dipper stars to date: 293 dipper stars, including 234 new dipper candidates. We have produced a catalog of these targets, which also includes young stellar variables that exhibit predominately burst-like variability and symmetric variability (equal parts bursting and dipping). The total number of catalog sources is 414. These variable sources were found in a visual survey of TESS light curves, where dip-like variability was observed. We found a typical age among our dipper sources of <5 Myr, with the age distribution peaking at ≈2 Myr, and a tail of the distribution extending to ages older than 20 Myr. Regardless of the age, our dipper candidates tend to exhibit infrared excess, which is indicative of the presence of disks. TESS is now observing the ecliptic plane, which is rich in young stellar associations, so we anticipate many more discoveries in the TESS data set. A larger sample of dipper stars would enhance the census statistics of light-curve morphologies and dipper ages.
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spelling doaj-art-572cd3a3e37d4de7a91ce15378b552b02025-08-20T02:12:20ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series0067-00492022-01-0126311410.3847/1538-4365/ac9125A Population of Dipper Stars from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite MissionBenjamin K. Capistrant0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4592-8799Melinda Soares-Furtado1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7493-7419Andrew Vanderburg2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7246-5438Marina Kounkel3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5365-1267Saul A. Rappaport4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3182-5569Mark Omohundro5Brian P. Powell6https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0501-2636Robert Gagliano7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5665-1879Thomas Jacobs8https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3988-3245Veselin B. Kostov9https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9786-1031Martti H. Kristiansen10https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2607-138XDaryll M. LaCourse11https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8527-2114Allan R. Schmitt12https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5034-0949Hans Martin Schwengeler13https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1637-2189Ivan A. Terentev14https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0654-4442Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 475 N. Charter Street, Madison, WI, 53703, USA ; bcapistrant@ufl.edu; Department of Astronomy, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL, 32611, USADepartment of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 475 N. Charter Street, Madison, WI, 53703, USA ; bcapistrant@ufl.eduDepartment of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 475 N. Charter Street, Madison, WI, 53703, USA ; bcapistrant@ufl.edu; Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research , Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University , VU Station 1807, Nashville, TN, 37235, USADepartment of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research , Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USACitizen Scientist, c/o Zooniverse, Department of Physics, University of Oxford , Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford, OX1 3RH, UKNASA Goddard Space Flight Center , 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD, 20771, USAAmateur Astronomer , Glendale, AZ, USAAmateur Astronomer , 12812 SE 69th Place, Bellevue, WA, USANASA Goddard Space Flight Center , 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD, 20771, USA; SETI Institute , 189 Bernardo Ave, Suite 200, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; GSFC Sellers Exoplanet Environments CollaborationBrorfelde Observatory , Observator Gyldenkernes Vej 7, DK-4340 Tølløse, DenmarkAmateur Astronomer , 7507 52nd Place NE, Marysville, WA 98270, USACitizen Scientist, 616 W. 53rd Street, Apt. 101, Minneapolis, MN 55419, USACitizen Scientist, Planet Hunter, Bottmingen, SwitzerlandCitizen Scientist, Planet Hunter, Petrozavodsk, RussiaDipper stars are a classification of young stellar objects that exhibit dimming variability in their light curves, dropping in brightness by 10%–50%, likely induced by occultations due to circumstellar disk material. This variability can be periodic, quasiperiodic, or aperiodic. Dipper stars have been discovered in young stellar associations via ground-based and space-based photometric surveys. We present the detection and characterization of the largest collection of dipper stars to date: 293 dipper stars, including 234 new dipper candidates. We have produced a catalog of these targets, which also includes young stellar variables that exhibit predominately burst-like variability and symmetric variability (equal parts bursting and dipping). The total number of catalog sources is 414. These variable sources were found in a visual survey of TESS light curves, where dip-like variability was observed. We found a typical age among our dipper sources of <5 Myr, with the age distribution peaking at ≈2 Myr, and a tail of the distribution extending to ages older than 20 Myr. Regardless of the age, our dipper candidates tend to exhibit infrared excess, which is indicative of the presence of disks. TESS is now observing the ecliptic plane, which is rich in young stellar associations, so we anticipate many more discoveries in the TESS data set. A larger sample of dipper stars would enhance the census statistics of light-curve morphologies and dipper ages.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ac9125Variable starsPre-main sequenceT Tauri starsPhotometry
spellingShingle Benjamin K. Capistrant
Melinda Soares-Furtado
Andrew Vanderburg
Marina Kounkel
Saul A. Rappaport
Mark Omohundro
Brian P. Powell
Robert Gagliano
Thomas Jacobs
Veselin B. Kostov
Martti H. Kristiansen
Daryll M. LaCourse
Allan R. Schmitt
Hans Martin Schwengeler
Ivan A. Terentev
A Population of Dipper Stars from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite Mission
The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
Variable stars
Pre-main sequence
T Tauri stars
Photometry
title A Population of Dipper Stars from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite Mission
title_full A Population of Dipper Stars from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite Mission
title_fullStr A Population of Dipper Stars from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite Mission
title_full_unstemmed A Population of Dipper Stars from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite Mission
title_short A Population of Dipper Stars from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite Mission
title_sort population of dipper stars from the transiting exoplanet survey satellite mission
topic Variable stars
Pre-main sequence
T Tauri stars
Photometry
url https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ac9125
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