Calibration-Free WMS Using a cw-DFB-QCL, a VCSEL, and an Edge-Emitting DFB Laser With In-Situ Real-Time Laser Parameter Characterization
This paper presents a detailed experimental wavelength modulation spectroscopy approach and demonstrates its applicability to various types of semiconductor lasers in the near infrared and mid-infrared. A 5250 nm continuous-wave distributed feedback quantum cascade laser, a 2004
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| Format: | Article |
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2017-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Photonics Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7822961/ |
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| author | Abhishek Upadhyay David Wilson Michael Lengden Arup L. Chakraborty George Stewart Walter Johnstone |
| author_facet | Abhishek Upadhyay David Wilson Michael Lengden Arup L. Chakraborty George Stewart Walter Johnstone |
| author_sort | Abhishek Upadhyay |
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| description | This paper presents a detailed experimental wavelength modulation spectroscopy approach and demonstrates its applicability to various types of semiconductor lasers in the near infrared and mid-infrared. A 5250 nm continuous-wave distributed feedback quantum cascade laser, a 2004 nm vertical cavity surface emitting laser, and a 1650 nm distributed feedback edge-emitting laser are used to extract the concentration and pressure values of nitric oxide, carbon dioxide, and methane, respectively, using the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2f$ </tex-math></inline-formula> wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) technique under controlled conditions. The generality of the technique is demonstrated by extending it to <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3f$ </tex-math></inline-formula> WMS for the three different kinds of lasers used in this study. The methodology required to provide <italic>in-situ</italic> real-time measurements of both gas parameters and operating characteristics of the laser are described in detail. Finally, the advantages and limitations of the technique are discussed in view of the fact that the characteristic behavior of the laser sources is significantly different. We specifically discuss the issue of targeting non-absorbing wavelength regions and the choice of modulation frequency and modulation amplitude of the laser, as well as the choice of the detection harmonic. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-571a8f03455a46e8943336a4cbaf9950 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1943-0655 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2017-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Photonics Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-571a8f03455a46e8943336a4cbaf99502025-08-20T03:32:58ZengIEEEIEEE Photonics Journal1943-06552017-01-019211710.1109/JPHOT.2017.26551417822961Calibration-Free WMS Using a cw-DFB-QCL, a VCSEL, and an Edge-Emitting DFB Laser With In-Situ Real-Time Laser Parameter CharacterizationAbhishek Upadhyay0David Wilson1Michael Lengden2Arup L. Chakraborty3George Stewart4Walter Johnstone5Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, IndiaCentre for Microsystems and Photonics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, U.K.Centre for Microsystems and Photonics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, U.K.Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, IndiaCentre for Microsystems and Photonics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, U.K.Centre for Microsystems and Photonics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, U.K.This paper presents a detailed experimental wavelength modulation spectroscopy approach and demonstrates its applicability to various types of semiconductor lasers in the near infrared and mid-infrared. A 5250 nm continuous-wave distributed feedback quantum cascade laser, a 2004 nm vertical cavity surface emitting laser, and a 1650 nm distributed feedback edge-emitting laser are used to extract the concentration and pressure values of nitric oxide, carbon dioxide, and methane, respectively, using the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2f$ </tex-math></inline-formula> wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) technique under controlled conditions. The generality of the technique is demonstrated by extending it to <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3f$ </tex-math></inline-formula> WMS for the three different kinds of lasers used in this study. The methodology required to provide <italic>in-situ</italic> real-time measurements of both gas parameters and operating characteristics of the laser are described in detail. Finally, the advantages and limitations of the technique are discussed in view of the fact that the characteristic behavior of the laser sources is significantly different. We specifically discuss the issue of targeting non-absorbing wavelength regions and the choice of modulation frequency and modulation amplitude of the laser, as well as the choice of the detection harmonic.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7822961/Calibration-free gas measurementabsorption spectroscopywavelength modulation spectroscopytunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS)continuous wave distributed feedback quantum cascade laser (cw-DFB-QCL). |
| spellingShingle | Abhishek Upadhyay David Wilson Michael Lengden Arup L. Chakraborty George Stewart Walter Johnstone Calibration-Free WMS Using a cw-DFB-QCL, a VCSEL, and an Edge-Emitting DFB Laser With In-Situ Real-Time Laser Parameter Characterization IEEE Photonics Journal Calibration-free gas measurement absorption spectroscopy wavelength modulation spectroscopy tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) continuous wave distributed feedback quantum cascade laser (cw-DFB-QCL). |
| title | Calibration-Free WMS Using a cw-DFB-QCL, a VCSEL, and an Edge-Emitting DFB Laser With In-Situ Real-Time Laser Parameter Characterization |
| title_full | Calibration-Free WMS Using a cw-DFB-QCL, a VCSEL, and an Edge-Emitting DFB Laser With In-Situ Real-Time Laser Parameter Characterization |
| title_fullStr | Calibration-Free WMS Using a cw-DFB-QCL, a VCSEL, and an Edge-Emitting DFB Laser With In-Situ Real-Time Laser Parameter Characterization |
| title_full_unstemmed | Calibration-Free WMS Using a cw-DFB-QCL, a VCSEL, and an Edge-Emitting DFB Laser With In-Situ Real-Time Laser Parameter Characterization |
| title_short | Calibration-Free WMS Using a cw-DFB-QCL, a VCSEL, and an Edge-Emitting DFB Laser With In-Situ Real-Time Laser Parameter Characterization |
| title_sort | calibration free wms using a cw dfb qcl a vcsel and an edge emitting dfb laser with in situ real time laser parameter characterization |
| topic | Calibration-free gas measurement absorption spectroscopy wavelength modulation spectroscopy tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) continuous wave distributed feedback quantum cascade laser (cw-DFB-QCL). |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7822961/ |
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