Genomic Insights Into Red Squirrels in Scotland Reveal Loss of Heterozygosity Associated With Extreme Founder Effects
ABSTRACT Remnant populations of endangered species often have complex demographic histories associated with human impact. This can present challenges for conservation as populations modified by human activity may require bespoke management. The Eurasian red squirrel, Sciurus vulgaris (L., 1758), is...
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Wiley
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Evolutionary Applications |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.70072 |
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| author | Melissa M. Marr Emily Humble Peter W. W. Lurz Liam A. Wilson Elspeth Milne Katie M. Beckmann Jeffrey Schoenebeck Uva‐Yu‐Yan Fung Andrew C. Kitchener Kenny Kortland Colin Edwards Rob Ogden |
| author_facet | Melissa M. Marr Emily Humble Peter W. W. Lurz Liam A. Wilson Elspeth Milne Katie M. Beckmann Jeffrey Schoenebeck Uva‐Yu‐Yan Fung Andrew C. Kitchener Kenny Kortland Colin Edwards Rob Ogden |
| author_sort | Melissa M. Marr |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT Remnant populations of endangered species often have complex demographic histories associated with human impact. This can present challenges for conservation as populations modified by human activity may require bespoke management. The Eurasian red squirrel, Sciurus vulgaris (L., 1758), is endangered in the UK. Scotland represents a key stronghold, but Scottish populations have been subjected to intense anthropogenic influence, including widespread extirpations, reintroductions and competition from an invasive species. This study examined the genetic legacy of these events through low coverage whole‐genome resequencing of 106 red squirrels. Previously undetected patterns of population structure and gene flow were uncovered. One offshore island, four mainland Scottish populations, and a key east‐coast migration corridor were observed. An abrupt historical population bottleneck, related to extreme founder effects, has led to a severe and prolonged depression in genome‐wide heterozygosity, which is amongst the lowest reported for any species. Current designated red squirrel conservation stronghold locations do not encompass all existing diversity. These findings highlight the genetic legacies of past anthropogenic influence on long‐term diversity in endangered taxa. Continuing management interventions and regular genetic monitoring are recommended to safeguard and improve future diversity. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1752-4571 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Evolutionary Applications |
| spelling | doaj-art-5716cbb1fe8348ec9dfe180310ee378c2025-02-07T03:58:50ZengWileyEvolutionary Applications1752-45712025-01-01181n/an/a10.1111/eva.70072Genomic Insights Into Red Squirrels in Scotland Reveal Loss of Heterozygosity Associated With Extreme Founder EffectsMelissa M. Marr0Emily Humble1Peter W. W. Lurz2Liam A. Wilson3Elspeth Milne4Katie M. Beckmann5Jeffrey Schoenebeck6Uva‐Yu‐Yan Fung7Andrew C. Kitchener8Kenny Kortland9Colin Edwards10Rob Ogden11Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies (R(D)SVS) and the Roslin Institute University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UKRoyal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies (R(D)SVS) and the Roslin Institute University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UKRoyal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies (R(D)SVS) and the Roslin Institute University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UKRoyal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies (R(D)SVS) and the Roslin Institute University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UKRoyal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies (R(D)SVS) and the Roslin Institute University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UKRoyal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies (R(D)SVS) and the Roslin Institute University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UKRoyal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies (R(D)SVS) and the Roslin Institute University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UKRoyal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies (R(D)SVS) and the Roslin Institute University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UKDepartment of Natural Sciences National Museums Scotland Edinburgh UKForestry and Land Scotland Inverness UKForestry and Land Scotland Inverness UKRoyal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies (R(D)SVS) and the Roslin Institute University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UKABSTRACT Remnant populations of endangered species often have complex demographic histories associated with human impact. This can present challenges for conservation as populations modified by human activity may require bespoke management. The Eurasian red squirrel, Sciurus vulgaris (L., 1758), is endangered in the UK. Scotland represents a key stronghold, but Scottish populations have been subjected to intense anthropogenic influence, including widespread extirpations, reintroductions and competition from an invasive species. This study examined the genetic legacy of these events through low coverage whole‐genome resequencing of 106 red squirrels. Previously undetected patterns of population structure and gene flow were uncovered. One offshore island, four mainland Scottish populations, and a key east‐coast migration corridor were observed. An abrupt historical population bottleneck, related to extreme founder effects, has led to a severe and prolonged depression in genome‐wide heterozygosity, which is amongst the lowest reported for any species. Current designated red squirrel conservation stronghold locations do not encompass all existing diversity. These findings highlight the genetic legacies of past anthropogenic influence on long‐term diversity in endangered taxa. Continuing management interventions and regular genetic monitoring are recommended to safeguard and improve future diversity.https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.70072conservation genomicsfounder effectsheterozygosityinbreedingpopulation managementred squirrel |
| spellingShingle | Melissa M. Marr Emily Humble Peter W. W. Lurz Liam A. Wilson Elspeth Milne Katie M. Beckmann Jeffrey Schoenebeck Uva‐Yu‐Yan Fung Andrew C. Kitchener Kenny Kortland Colin Edwards Rob Ogden Genomic Insights Into Red Squirrels in Scotland Reveal Loss of Heterozygosity Associated With Extreme Founder Effects Evolutionary Applications conservation genomics founder effects heterozygosity inbreeding population management red squirrel |
| title | Genomic Insights Into Red Squirrels in Scotland Reveal Loss of Heterozygosity Associated With Extreme Founder Effects |
| title_full | Genomic Insights Into Red Squirrels in Scotland Reveal Loss of Heterozygosity Associated With Extreme Founder Effects |
| title_fullStr | Genomic Insights Into Red Squirrels in Scotland Reveal Loss of Heterozygosity Associated With Extreme Founder Effects |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genomic Insights Into Red Squirrels in Scotland Reveal Loss of Heterozygosity Associated With Extreme Founder Effects |
| title_short | Genomic Insights Into Red Squirrels in Scotland Reveal Loss of Heterozygosity Associated With Extreme Founder Effects |
| title_sort | genomic insights into red squirrels in scotland reveal loss of heterozygosity associated with extreme founder effects |
| topic | conservation genomics founder effects heterozygosity inbreeding population management red squirrel |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.70072 |
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