The Effects of Microplastics and Heavy Metals Individually and in Combination on the Growth of Water Spinach (<i>Ipomoea aquatic</i>) and Rhizosphere Microorganisms

The Effects of Microplastics and Heavy Metals Individually and in Combination on the Growth of Water Spinach (<i>Ipomoea aquatic</i>) and Rhizosphere Microorganisms

Microplastics (MPs) and heavy metals are commonly present in soil at significant concentrations and can interact in complex ways that pose serious threats to environmental and ecological systems. The effects of combined contamination by different types of heavy metals and microplastics on plants, as...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Jing-Yi Wang, Meng Wang, Jian-Wei Shi, B. Larry Li, Ling Liu, Peng-Fei Duan, Zhao-Jin Chen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Agronomy
Subjects:
microplastics
Cd
Pb
water spinach
microbial communities and functions
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/6/1319
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