Impacts of Wind Assimilation on Error Correction of Forecasted Dynamic Loads from Wind, Wave, and Current for Offshore Wind Turbines
In this study, a dynamic load forecasting model was developed for offshore wind turbines, based on the COAWST (Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere-Wave-Sediment Transport) model, the GRU (Gated Recurrent Unit) algorithm, and a data assimilation module. The model was able to forecast aerodynamic, wave, and curr...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-06-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/7/1211 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850077172303134720 |
|---|---|
| author | Jing Zou Shuai Yang Xiaolei Liu Hang Wang Lu Liu Xingsen Guo Hong Zhang Zhijin Qiu Zhipeng Gai |
| author_facet | Jing Zou Shuai Yang Xiaolei Liu Hang Wang Lu Liu Xingsen Guo Hong Zhang Zhijin Qiu Zhipeng Gai |
| author_sort | Jing Zou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, a dynamic load forecasting model was developed for offshore wind turbines, based on the COAWST (Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere-Wave-Sediment Transport) model, the GRU (Gated Recurrent Unit) algorithm, and a data assimilation module. The model was able to forecast aerodynamic, wave, and current loads acting on the turbines. Four groups of forecasting tests were conducted to evaluate the model’s performance under different strategies and to assess the impact of atmospheric assimilation on improving dynamic load forecasts. The wind turbines in Cangnan Offshore Wind Farm, located in the west of the East China Sea, were chosen as the study object. The results indicated that the model achieved high forecasting accuracy, with the RMSEs (root mean square errors) of 275.59 kN, 335.85 kN, and 313.51 N, for the aerodynamic, wave, and current loads. The errors were reduced by about 13%, 10.09%, and 6.7% when compared with the original COAWST model, and were also lower than the atmospheric and oceanic reanalysis data. Atmospheric data assimilation was demonstrated to reduce the forecasting RMSE of aerodynamic load by about 12%, and its error improvement was able to be combined with GRU-based error correction. Additionally, atmospheric assimilation mitigated the reduction in temporal variability caused by forecasting error correction, preventing a decrease in the standard deviation of aerodynamic load forecasts. However, atmospheric assimilation had minimal impacts on wave and current load forecasts, with the RMSEs increased by about 2.5% and 0.1%, and had almost the same performance in correlation coefficients and standard deviations. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-57118f350b6b44b8a02438dc55d5c754 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2077-1312 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-57118f350b6b44b8a02438dc55d5c7542025-08-20T02:45:52ZengMDPI AGJournal of Marine Science and Engineering2077-13122025-06-01137121110.3390/jmse13071211Impacts of Wind Assimilation on Error Correction of Forecasted Dynamic Loads from Wind, Wave, and Current for Offshore Wind TurbinesJing Zou0Shuai Yang1Xiaolei Liu2Hang Wang3Lu Liu4Xingsen Guo5Hong Zhang6Zhijin Qiu7Zhipeng Gai8State Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography, Qingdao 266001, ChinaInstitute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao 266001, ChinaShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, ChinaDepartment of Computer Science, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4RN, UKDepartment of Computer Science, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4RN, UKShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, ChinaCollege of Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography, Qingdao 266001, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography, Qingdao 266001, ChinaIn this study, a dynamic load forecasting model was developed for offshore wind turbines, based on the COAWST (Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere-Wave-Sediment Transport) model, the GRU (Gated Recurrent Unit) algorithm, and a data assimilation module. The model was able to forecast aerodynamic, wave, and current loads acting on the turbines. Four groups of forecasting tests were conducted to evaluate the model’s performance under different strategies and to assess the impact of atmospheric assimilation on improving dynamic load forecasts. The wind turbines in Cangnan Offshore Wind Farm, located in the west of the East China Sea, were chosen as the study object. The results indicated that the model achieved high forecasting accuracy, with the RMSEs (root mean square errors) of 275.59 kN, 335.85 kN, and 313.51 N, for the aerodynamic, wave, and current loads. The errors were reduced by about 13%, 10.09%, and 6.7% when compared with the original COAWST model, and were also lower than the atmospheric and oceanic reanalysis data. Atmospheric data assimilation was demonstrated to reduce the forecasting RMSE of aerodynamic load by about 12%, and its error improvement was able to be combined with GRU-based error correction. Additionally, atmospheric assimilation mitigated the reduction in temporal variability caused by forecasting error correction, preventing a decrease in the standard deviation of aerodynamic load forecasts. However, atmospheric assimilation had minimal impacts on wave and current load forecasts, with the RMSEs increased by about 2.5% and 0.1%, and had almost the same performance in correlation coefficients and standard deviations.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/7/1211wind assimilationerror correctionnumerical predictiondynamic loadoffshore wind turbine |
| spellingShingle | Jing Zou Shuai Yang Xiaolei Liu Hang Wang Lu Liu Xingsen Guo Hong Zhang Zhijin Qiu Zhipeng Gai Impacts of Wind Assimilation on Error Correction of Forecasted Dynamic Loads from Wind, Wave, and Current for Offshore Wind Turbines Journal of Marine Science and Engineering wind assimilation error correction numerical prediction dynamic load offshore wind turbine |
| title | Impacts of Wind Assimilation on Error Correction of Forecasted Dynamic Loads from Wind, Wave, and Current for Offshore Wind Turbines |
| title_full | Impacts of Wind Assimilation on Error Correction of Forecasted Dynamic Loads from Wind, Wave, and Current for Offshore Wind Turbines |
| title_fullStr | Impacts of Wind Assimilation on Error Correction of Forecasted Dynamic Loads from Wind, Wave, and Current for Offshore Wind Turbines |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impacts of Wind Assimilation on Error Correction of Forecasted Dynamic Loads from Wind, Wave, and Current for Offshore Wind Turbines |
| title_short | Impacts of Wind Assimilation on Error Correction of Forecasted Dynamic Loads from Wind, Wave, and Current for Offshore Wind Turbines |
| title_sort | impacts of wind assimilation on error correction of forecasted dynamic loads from wind wave and current for offshore wind turbines |
| topic | wind assimilation error correction numerical prediction dynamic load offshore wind turbine |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/7/1211 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jingzou impactsofwindassimilationonerrorcorrectionofforecasteddynamicloadsfromwindwaveandcurrentforoffshorewindturbines AT shuaiyang impactsofwindassimilationonerrorcorrectionofforecasteddynamicloadsfromwindwaveandcurrentforoffshorewindturbines AT xiaoleiliu impactsofwindassimilationonerrorcorrectionofforecasteddynamicloadsfromwindwaveandcurrentforoffshorewindturbines AT hangwang impactsofwindassimilationonerrorcorrectionofforecasteddynamicloadsfromwindwaveandcurrentforoffshorewindturbines AT luliu impactsofwindassimilationonerrorcorrectionofforecasteddynamicloadsfromwindwaveandcurrentforoffshorewindturbines AT xingsenguo impactsofwindassimilationonerrorcorrectionofforecasteddynamicloadsfromwindwaveandcurrentforoffshorewindturbines AT hongzhang impactsofwindassimilationonerrorcorrectionofforecasteddynamicloadsfromwindwaveandcurrentforoffshorewindturbines AT zhijinqiu impactsofwindassimilationonerrorcorrectionofforecasteddynamicloadsfromwindwaveandcurrentforoffshorewindturbines AT zhipenggai impactsofwindassimilationonerrorcorrectionofforecasteddynamicloadsfromwindwaveandcurrentforoffshorewindturbines |