Cross-cultural adaption of the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) into Punjabi for knee injury and osteoarthritis patients in Canada

Abstract Background The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a knee-specific patient-reported outcome that is used to assess knee-related symptoms, function and quality of life across a variety of knee conditions in patient populations. Currently there is no Punjabi version of the...

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Main Authors: Nitya Suryaprakash, Jackie L. Whittaker, Marie Westby, Richard Sawatzky, Stirling Bryan, Kusum Soni, Kamaljit Sidhu, Santosh Powar, Laurie J. Goldsmith
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-025-08870-y
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author Nitya Suryaprakash
Jackie L. Whittaker
Marie Westby
Richard Sawatzky
Stirling Bryan
Kusum Soni
Kamaljit Sidhu
Santosh Powar
Laurie J. Goldsmith
author_facet Nitya Suryaprakash
Jackie L. Whittaker
Marie Westby
Richard Sawatzky
Stirling Bryan
Kusum Soni
Kamaljit Sidhu
Santosh Powar
Laurie J. Goldsmith
author_sort Nitya Suryaprakash
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a knee-specific patient-reported outcome that is used to assess knee-related symptoms, function and quality of life across a variety of knee conditions in patient populations. Currently there is no Punjabi version of the tool available. This study aims to cross-culturally adapt the KOOS tool from the source English language to the target Punjabi language for use in the Canadian health context. Methods We followed standard guidelines including: 1) creation of a concept definition document 2) forward translation 3) reconciliation 4) back translation 5) expert committee review 6) creation of pilot version for cognitive interviews 7) cognitive interviews 8) final review and proof reading. Results Thirty people identifying as South Asian with lived experiences of various knee conditions took part in cognitive interviews (70% women, mean age 61 years) to provide insights into equivalence in conceptual, semantic, and content between the source English language and the target Punjabi language KOOS. Cognitive interviews identified comprehension and interpretation, structural, conceptual, cultural, and other issues in the preliminary Punjabi KOOS. These issues were addressed considering the Punjabi audience and culture in Canada, and the purpose of the tool to arrive at a cross-culturally adapted Punjabi KOOS. Conclusion A cross-culturally Punjabi version of the KOOS is available to assess knee related outcomes of SA Punjabi patients in Canada. Future validation of the tool is required with SA Punjabi patients in Canada to ensure that the “target Punjabi instrument” has the same properties as the “original English KOOS instrument”.
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publishDate 2025-07-01
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spelling doaj-art-57008b8c2a8144fa8a9a77a1b7372ffa2025-08-20T02:44:16ZengBMCBMC Musculoskeletal Disorders1471-24742025-07-0126111010.1186/s12891-025-08870-yCross-cultural adaption of the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) into Punjabi for knee injury and osteoarthritis patients in CanadaNitya Suryaprakash0Jackie L. Whittaker1Marie Westby2Richard Sawatzky3Stirling Bryan4Kusum Soni5Kamaljit Sidhu6Santosh Powar7Laurie J. Goldsmith8School of Population and Public Health, University of British ColumbiaDepartment of Physical Therapy, University of British ColumbiaDepartment of Physical Therapy, University of British ColumbiaCentre for Advancing Health Outcomes, Providence HealthSchool of Population and Public Health, University of British ColumbiaSchool of Population and Public Health, University of British ColumbiaUniversity of the Fraser ValleyPatient Research Partner, South Asian Exercise ResearchFaculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser UniversityAbstract Background The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a knee-specific patient-reported outcome that is used to assess knee-related symptoms, function and quality of life across a variety of knee conditions in patient populations. Currently there is no Punjabi version of the tool available. This study aims to cross-culturally adapt the KOOS tool from the source English language to the target Punjabi language for use in the Canadian health context. Methods We followed standard guidelines including: 1) creation of a concept definition document 2) forward translation 3) reconciliation 4) back translation 5) expert committee review 6) creation of pilot version for cognitive interviews 7) cognitive interviews 8) final review and proof reading. Results Thirty people identifying as South Asian with lived experiences of various knee conditions took part in cognitive interviews (70% women, mean age 61 years) to provide insights into equivalence in conceptual, semantic, and content between the source English language and the target Punjabi language KOOS. Cognitive interviews identified comprehension and interpretation, structural, conceptual, cultural, and other issues in the preliminary Punjabi KOOS. These issues were addressed considering the Punjabi audience and culture in Canada, and the purpose of the tool to arrive at a cross-culturally adapted Punjabi KOOS. Conclusion A cross-culturally Punjabi version of the KOOS is available to assess knee related outcomes of SA Punjabi patients in Canada. Future validation of the tool is required with SA Punjabi patients in Canada to ensure that the “target Punjabi instrument” has the same properties as the “original English KOOS instrument”.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-025-08870-yCross-cultural adaptationKOOSKnee injuriesOsteoarthritisPunjabi
spellingShingle Nitya Suryaprakash
Jackie L. Whittaker
Marie Westby
Richard Sawatzky
Stirling Bryan
Kusum Soni
Kamaljit Sidhu
Santosh Powar
Laurie J. Goldsmith
Cross-cultural adaption of the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) into Punjabi for knee injury and osteoarthritis patients in Canada
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders
Cross-cultural adaptation
KOOS
Knee injuries
Osteoarthritis
Punjabi
title Cross-cultural adaption of the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) into Punjabi for knee injury and osteoarthritis patients in Canada
title_full Cross-cultural adaption of the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) into Punjabi for knee injury and osteoarthritis patients in Canada
title_fullStr Cross-cultural adaption of the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) into Punjabi for knee injury and osteoarthritis patients in Canada
title_full_unstemmed Cross-cultural adaption of the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) into Punjabi for knee injury and osteoarthritis patients in Canada
title_short Cross-cultural adaption of the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) into Punjabi for knee injury and osteoarthritis patients in Canada
title_sort cross cultural adaption of the knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score koos into punjabi for knee injury and osteoarthritis patients in canada
topic Cross-cultural adaptation
KOOS
Knee injuries
Osteoarthritis
Punjabi
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-025-08870-y
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